python如何使用raise抛出自定义异常

class ShortInputException(Exception):
    def __init__(self, length, least_length):
        super().__init__()
        self.length = length
        self.least_length = least_length
    def __str__(self):
        return '您输入的长度为:{},最短长度为:{}'.format(self.length, self.least_length)
try:
    content = input('请输入内容:')
    if len(content) < 5:
        raise ShortInputException(len(content), 5)
    else:
        print('符合要求')
except ShortInputException as e:
    print(e)
'''
请输入内容:ASD
您输入的长度为:3,最短长度为:5
'''

def fun(x):  
    if x > 5:  
        raise Exception(f"x 不能大于 5，x={x}")
"""
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "<stdin>", line 3, in fun
Exception: x 不能大于 5，x=7
"""

assert condition
# condition 为真，不做任何事情
# condition 为假，抛出AssertionError异常
# 等价于：
if not condition:  
    raise AssertionError()
# ****************************************
assert condition, "错误原因"
==> 
if not condition:
    raise AssertionError("错误原因")

class MySQLError(Exception):
    def __init__(self, error_info):
        super(MySQLError, self).__init__(error_info)
        self.error_info = error_info
    def __str__(self):
        return self.error_inf

try:
    raise MySQLError('异常')
except MySQLError as e:
    print(e)