Python连接SQLite数据库操作实战指南从入门到精通

import sqlite3
# 连接到数据库（如果不存在则会创建）
conn = sqlite3.connect('mydatabase.db')

# 创建一个名为"students"的表格
cursor = conn.cursor()
cursor.execute('''
    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS students (
        id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
        name TEXT NOT NULL,
        age INTEGER
    )
''')
conn.commit()

# 插入一名学生的信息
cursor.execute("INSERT INTO students (name, age) VALUES (?, ?)", ('Alice', 25))
conn.commit()

# 查询所有学生的信息
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM students")
students = cursor.fetchall()

for student in students:
    print(student)

# 更新学生信息
cursor.execute("UPDATE students SET age = ? WHERE name = ?", (26, 'Alice'))
conn.commit()

# 删除学生信息
cursor.execute("DELETE FROM students WHERE name = ?", ('Alice',))
conn.commit()

try:
    conn = sqlite3.connect('mydatabase.db')
    # 数据库操作
except sqlite3.Error as e:
    print("SQLite error:", e)
finally:
    conn.close()

# 开始一个事务
conn = sqlite3.connect('mydatabase.db')
cursor = conn.cursor()
try:
    # 执行一些数据库操作
    cursor.execute("INSERT INTO students (name, age) VALUES (?, ?)", ('Bob', 30))
    cursor.execute("UPDATE students SET age = ? WHERE name = ?", (31, 'Bob'))
    # 提交事务
    conn.commit()
except sqlite3.Error:
    # 发生错误，回滚事务
    conn.rollback()
finally:
    conn.close()

# 在"students"表格的"name"字段上创建索引
cursor.execute("CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_name ON students (name)")
conn.commit()

import shutil

# 创建数据库备份
shutil.copy2('mydatabase.db', 'mydatabase_backup.db')

user_input = input("Enter a student name: ")

# 使用参数化查询来避免SQL注入
cursor.execute("INSERT INTO students (name) VALUES (?)", (user_input,))
conn.commit()