使用Python Typing模块提升代码可读性和健壮性实例探索

from typing import List, Tuple, Dict, Set
def add(a: int, b: int) -> int: # 定义输入的变量为int 类型，返回值也是int
    return a + b
def get_name_age() -> Tuple[str, int]:# 定义返回类型为元组并且，第一个元素str,第二个是int
    return "王五", 18
def get_students() -> List[str]:# 定义返回类型为list，所有元素为str
    return ["小黑", "小华", "小米"]
def get_scores() -> Dict[str, int]:# 定义返回为字典，key是str，value是int
    return {"python": 100, "java": 80, "go": 80}
def get_unique_numbers() -> Set[int]:# 定义返回是集合，并且里面的元素为int
    return {1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6}

from typing import TypeVar, Generic
T = TypeVar("T")
class Stack(Generic[T]):
    def push(self, item: T) -> None:
        pass
    def pop(self) -> T:
        pass
    def is_empty(self) -> bool:
        pass

from typing import ClassVar, Optional
class MyClass:
    my_var: ClassVar[int] = 0
    def __init__(self, value: int) -> None:
        self.value = value
    def instance_method(self, x: int) -> int:
        return self.value * x
    @classmethod
    def class_method(cls, y: int) -> int:
        return cls.my_var + y
    @staticmethod
    def static_method(z: int) -> int:
        return z * 2

from typing import Union

def func(x: Union[int, float]) -> None:
    pass

from typing import Any
def func(x: Any) -> None:
    pass

from typing import Callable
def func(x: Callable[[int], int]) -> None:
    pass

from typing import Optional  
name: str = "张三"  
age: int = 18  
address: Optional[str] = None # 字符类型，或者None