Python中异常处理的5个最佳实践分享

try:
    # 可能引发特定异常的代码
    ...
except SpecificException as e:
    # 处理特定异常
    ...
except AnotherSpecificException as e:
    # 处理另一个特定异常
    ...
except Exception as e:
    # 处理其他异常或提供后备行为
    ...

try:
    with open('data.csv', 'r') as file:
        csv_reader = csv.reader(file)
        for row in csv_reader:
            # 对数据执行一些计算
            result = int(row[0]) / int(row[1])
            print(f"Result: {result}")
except FileNotFoundError:
    print("The file 'data.csv' was not found.")
except IndexError:
    print("Invalid data format in the CSV file.")
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("Cannot divide by zero.")
except ValueError:
    print("Invalid value encountered during calculations.")
except Exception as e:
    print(f"An unexpected error occurred: {e}")

import logging

# 配置记录器
logging.basicConfig(filename='error.log', level=logging.ERROR)

try:
    # 可能引发异常的代码
    ...
except Exception as e:
    # 记录异常以及附加信息
    logging.error('An error occurred: %s', str(e))

class CustomException(Exception):
    pass

try:
    if condition:
        raise CustomException("Something went wrong!")
except CustomException as e:
    # 处理自定义异常
    ...
except Exception as e:
    # 处理其他异常或提供后备行为
    ...

try:
    # 可能引发异常的代码
    ...
except SpecificException as e:
    # 优雅地处理特定异常
    print("An error occurred:", str(e))
    # 提供回退行为或通知用户
    ...
except Exception as e:
    # 处理其他异常或提供通用错误消息
    print("An unexpected error occurred.")
    # 提供回退行为或通知用户
    ...
else:
    # 如果没有引发异常则执行的代码
    ...

try:
    # 可能引发异常的代码
    ...
except Exception as e:
    # 处理异常
    ...
else:
    # 如果没有引发异常则执行的代码
    ...
finally:
    # 始终执行的代码
    # 在这里执行清理任务
    ...