Django中间件Middleware功能详解

class SimpleMiddleware:
    def __init__(self, get_response):
        self.get_response = get_response
    def __call__(self, request):
        # 在视图函数之前执行的代码
        response = self.get_response(request)
        # 在视图函数之后执行的代码
        response['X-Custom-Header'] = 'Custom Value'
        return response

MIDDLEWARE = [
    ...
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
    'myapp.middleware.SimpleMiddleware',  # 添加你的中间件
    ...
]

class IPFilterMiddleware:
    def __init__(self, get_response):
        self.get_response = get_response
    def __call__(self, request):
        # 定义允许的IP地址列表
        allowed_ips = ['192.168.1.1', '127.0.0.1']
        # 获取请求的IP地址
        x_forwarded_for = request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR')
        if x_forwarded_for:
            ip = x_forwarded_for.split(',')[0]
        else:
            ip = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
        # 检查IP是否在允许的列表中
        if ip not in allowed_ips:
            # 如果不在允许的列表中，返回403禁止访问
            from django.http import HttpResponseForbidden
            return HttpResponseForbidden("You are not allowed to access this site.")
        # 继续处理请求
        response = self.get_response(request)
        return response

import datetime
class LoggingMiddleware:
    def __init__(self, get_response):
        self.get_response = get_response
    def __call__(self, request):
        # 请求到达的时间
        start_time = datetime.datetime.now()
        # 处理请求
        response = self.get_response(request)
        # 请求结束的时间
        end_time = datetime.datetime.now()
        # 记录日志
        logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
        logger.info(
            f'Status Code: {response.status_code} '
            f'| Method: {request.method} '
            f'| Path: {request.path} '
            f'| Time: {(end_time - start_time).total_seconds()}s'
        )
        return response

MIDDLEWARE = [
    ...
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
    'myapp.middleware.IPFilterMiddleware',  # 添加IP过滤中间件
    'myapp.middleware.LoggingMiddleware',  # 添加日志记录中间件
    ...
]