基于Python工具使用Web3.py以太坊智能合约开发的方法

pip install web3

from web3 import Web3
# 连接到Ropsten测试网
w3 = Web3(Web3.HTTPProvider('https://ropsten.infura.io/v3/YOUR_INFURA_API_KEY'))
# 检查连接是否成功
print(w3.isConnected())

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
contract SimpleStorage {
    uint256 private storedData;
    function set(uint256 x) public {
        storedData = x;
    }
    function get() public view returns (uint256) {
        return storedData;
    }
}

from web3 import Web3
from solcx import compile_standard, install_solc
# 安装Solidity编译器
install_solc('0.8.0')
# 编译合约
compiled_sol = compile_standard(
    {
        "language": "Solidity",
        "sources": {"SimpleStorage.sol": {"content": open("SimpleStorage.sol").read()}},
        "settings": {
            "outputSelection": {
                "*": {
                    "*": ["abi", "metadata", "evm.bytecode", "evm.sourceMap"]
                }
            }
        },
    },
    solc_version='0.8.0'
)
# 获取ABI和字节码
abi = compiled_sol["contracts"]["SimpleStorage.sol"]["SimpleStorage"]["abi"]
bytecode = compiled_sol["contracts"]["SimpleStorage.sol"]["SimpleStorage"]["evm"]["bytecode"]["object"]
# 部署合约
SimpleStorage = w3.eth.contract(abi=abi, bytecode=bytecode)
constructor = SimpleStorage.constructor()
tx = constructor.buildTransaction({
    'from': w3.eth.accounts[0],
    'gas': 4000000,
    'gasPrice': w3.toWei('20', 'gwei')
})
signed_tx = w3.eth.account.sign_transaction(tx, private_key='YOUR_PRIVATE_KEY')
tx_hash = w3.eth.send_raw_transaction(signed_tx.rawTransaction)
tx_receipt = w3.eth.wait_for_transaction_receipt(tx_hash)
print(f"Contract deployed at {tx_receipt.contractAddress}")

# 创建合约实例
contract = w3.eth.contract(address=tx_receipt.contractAddress, abi=abi)
# 调用set函数
tx = contract.functions.set(123).buildTransaction({
    'from': w3.eth.accounts[0],
    'gas': 400000,
    'gasPrice': w3.toWei('20', 'gwei')
})
signed_tx = w3.eth.account.sign_transaction(tx, private_key='YOUR_PRIVATE_KEY')
tx_hash = w3.eth.send_raw_transaction(signed_tx.rawTransaction)
w3.eth.wait_for_transaction_receipt(tx_hash)
# 调用get函数
result = contract.functions.get().call()
print(result)