python读取xml文件的实现方法

<data>
    <country name="Liechtenstein">
        <rank>1</rank>
        <year>2008</year>
        <gdpcap>141100</gdpcap>
        <neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/>
        <neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/>
    </country>
    <country name="Singapore">
        <rank>4</rank>
        <year>2011</year>
        <gdpcap>59900</gdpcap>
        <neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/>
    </country>
    <!-- 更多国家数据 -->
</data>

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

# 解析XML文件
tree = ET.parse('example.xml')
root = tree.getroot()

# 遍历根元素下的所有子元素（这里是<country>元素）
for country in root.findall('country'):
    # 获取国家的名称属性
    country_name = country.get('name')
    
    # 获取排名、年份和GDP的子元素，并提取它们的文本内容
    rank = country.find('rank').text
    year = country.find('year').text
    gdpcap = country.find('gdpcap').text
    
    # 打印提取的信息
    print(f"Country: {country_name}")
    print(f"  Rank: {rank}")
    print(f"  Year: {year}")
    print(f"  GDP per capita: {gdpcap}")
    print()

    # 遍历邻居元素，并提取它们的名称和方向属性
    for neighbor in country.findall('neighbor'):
        neighbor_name = neighbor.get('name')
        direction = neighbor.get('direction')
        print(f"  Neighbor: {neighbor_name} (Direction: {direction})")
    print()  # 空行分隔不同的国家