Python中发布Web应用的常见方法与对比

# app.py
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def home():
    return "Hello, World!"

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

pip install flask

python app.py
# 访问 http://localhost:5000

# Ubuntu/Debian
sudo apt update
sudo apt install python3-pip nginx
pip install gunicorn

# 启动命令（绑定到Unix socket）
gunicorn --bind unix:myapp.sock app:app

# 或绑定到端口（调试用）
gunicorn --bind 0.0.0.0:8000 app:app

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name your_domain.com;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://unix:/path/to/myapp.sock;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    }

    # 静态文件处理（可选）
    location /static {
        alias /path/to/your/static/files;
    }
}

sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/myapp /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
sudo systemctl restart nginx

[Unit]
Description=Gunicorn instance for myapp
After=network.target

[Service]
User=ubuntu
WorkingDirectory=/path/to/app
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/gunicorn --workers 3 --bind unix:myapp.sock app:app
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

sudo systemctl start myapp
sudo systemctl enable myapp

curl https://cli-assets.heroku.com/install.sh | sh
heroku login

heroku create
git push heroku master
heroku open

FROM python:3.9-slim
WORKDIR /app
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
COPY . .
CMD ["gunicorn", "--bind", "0.0.0.0:80", "app:app"]

docker build -t myapp .
docker run -d -p 80:80 --name myapp myapp

docker tag myapp yourusername/myapp
docker push yourusername/myapp

pip install zappa
zappa init  # 按提示配置
zappa deploy dev

sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx
sudo certbot --nginx -d your_domain.com

sudo ufw allow 80
sudo ufw allow 443
sudo ufw enable

location /static {
    expires 30d;
    add_header Cache-Control "public";
}

journalctl -u myapp.service -f  # 查看 Gunicorn 日志
tail -f /var/log/nginx/error.log