Python实现文件/文件夹复制功能

import shutil
import os

# 保留元数据（修改时间等）
shutil.copy2('source.txt', 'destination.txt')

# 仅复制内容
shutil.copy('source.txt', 'backup/')  # 自动保留文件名

# 文件流方式（适合大文件）
with open('source.txt', 'rb') as src, open('dest.txt', 'wb') as dst:
    shutil.copyfileobj(src, dst, length=16*1024)  # 16KB缓冲区

# 复制整个目录（目标目录必须不存在）
shutil.copytree('src_dir', 'dst_dir')

# 允许覆盖已存在目录（Python 3.8+）
shutil.copytree('src', 'existing_dir', dirs_exist_ok=True)

def ignore_patterns(*patterns):
    def _ignore(path, names):
        ignored = []
        for pattern in patterns:
            ignored.extend(fnmatch.filter(names, pattern))
        return set(ignored)
    return _ignore

# 排除.pyc文件和临时文件
shutil.copytree('src', 'dst', ignore=ignore_patterns('*.pyc', '*.tmp'))

# 带进度回调的复制
def copy_progress(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True):
    print(f"Copying {src} => {dst}")

shutil.copytree('src', 'dst', copy_function=copy_progress)

def deep_copy(src, dst, symlinks=False):
    if not os.path.exists(dst):
        os.makedirs(dst)
        shutil.copystat(src, dst)
    
    for item in os.listdir(src):
        src_path = os.path.join(src, item)
        dst_path = os.path.join(dst, item)
        
        if os.path.isdir(src_path):
            deep_copy(src_path, dst_path, symlinks)
        else:
            if os.path.exists(dst_path):
                if os.path.samefile(src_path, dst_path):
                    continue
                os.remove(dst_path)
            if symlinks and os.path.islink(src_path):
                linkto = os.readlink(src_path)
                os.symlink(linkto, dst_path)
            else:
                shutil.copy2(src_path, dst_path)

try:
    shutil.copytree('src', 'dst')
except shutil.Error as e:
    print(f'Directory not copied. Error: {e}')
except OSError as e:
    print(f'OSError: {e.strerror}')

import shutil
import os
from pathlib import Path

def smart_copy(src, dst, overwrite=False, ignore=None):
    """智能复制器"""
    src = Path(src)
    dst = Path(dst)

    if src.is_file():
        if dst.is_dir():
            dst = dst / src.name
        if dst.exists():
            if overwrite:
                dst.unlink()
            else:
                raise FileExistsError(f"{dst} already exists")
        shutil.copy2(str(src), str(dst))
        return

    if not src.is_dir():
        raise ValueError("Source path invalid")

    if dst.exists():
        if overwrite:
            if dst.is_dir():
                shutil.rmtree(dst)
            else:
                dst.unlink()
        else:
            raise FileExistsError(f"{dst} already exists")

    shutil.copytree(
        str(src),
        str(dst),
        symlinks=True,
        ignore=ignore,
        copy_function=shutil.copy2,
        dirs_exist_ok=overwrite
    )

# 使用示例
smart_copy(
    '/data/project',
    '/backup/project_2024',
    overwrite=True,
    ignore=shutil.ignore_patterns('*.log', 'temp')
)