Python处理函数调用超时的四种方法

pip install func-timeout

from func_timeout import func_timeout, FunctionTimedOut
import time
 
def long_running_task():
    time.sleep(5)  # 模拟长时间运行的任务
    return "Task completed"
 
try:
    result = func_timeout(3, long_running_task)  # 设置3秒超时
    print(result)
except FunctionTimedOut:
    print("Function execution timed out!")

from func_timeout import func_set_timeout
import time
 
@func_set_timeout(2)  # 限制该函数的运行时间为2秒
def long_task():
    time.sleep(5)  # 任务实际需要5秒
    return "Finished"
 
try:
    print(long_task())
except FunctionTimedOut:
    print("Function execution timed out!")

import time
from itertools import count
from multiprocessing import Process
 
def inc_forever():
    print('Starting function inc_forever()...')
    while True:
        time.sleep(1)
        print(next(counter))
 
def return_zero():
    print('Starting function return_zero()...')
    return 0
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # counter 是一个无限迭代器
    counter = count(0)
 
    p1 = Process(target=inc_forever, name='Process_inc_forever')
    p2 = Process(target=return_zero, name='Process_return_zero')
    p1.start()
    p2.start()
    p1.join(timeout=5)
    p2.join(timeout=5)
    p1.terminate()
    p2.terminate()
 
if p1.exitcode is None:
    print(f'Oops, {p1} timeouts!')
 
if p2.exitcode == 0:
    print(f'{p2} is luck and finishes in 5 seconds!')

Starting function inc_forever()...
Starting function return_zero()...
0
1
2
3
4
Oops, <Process(Process_inc_forever, started)> timeouts!
<Process(Process_return_zero, stopped)> is luck and finishes in 5 seconds!

import subprocess
 
r = subprocess.run(['echo', 'hello timeout'], timeout=5)
print(
    f'''type(r)={type(r)},
    r.args={r.args},
    r.returncode={r.returncode},
    r.stdout={r.stdout},
    r.stderr={r.stderr}'''
)
 
try:
    r = subprocess.run(['ping', 'www.google.com'], timeout=5)
except subprocess.TimeoutExpired as e:
    print(e)

hello timeout
type(r)=<class 'subprocess.CompletedProcess'>,
    r.args=['echo', 'hello timeout'],
    r.returncode=0,
    r.stdout=None,
    r.stderr=None
PING www.google.com (216.58.194.164) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from ...: icmp_seq=1 ttl=54 time=10.4 ms
64 bytes from ...: icmp_seq=2 ttl=54 time=5.90 ms
64 bytes from ...: icmp_seq=3 ttl=54 time=6.19 ms
64 bytes from ...: icmp_seq=4 ttl=54 time=9.04 ms
64 bytes from ...: icmp_seq=5 ttl=54 time=16.7 ms
Command '['ping', 'www.google.com']' timed out after 5 seconds

import signal
def handler(signum, frame):
    raise TimeoutError("函数超时")
def my_function():
    pass
signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, handler)
signal.alarm(5)
try:
    my_function()
except TimeoutError:
    print("函数超时")
finally:
    signal.alarm(0)