使用Flask获取请求参数的方式总结

from flask import Flask, request

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/query')
def get_query_params():
    param1 = request.args.get('param1', default=None, type=str)  # 获取单个参数
    param2 = request.args.getlist('param2')  # 获取多个同名参数
    return f"param1: {param1}, param2: {param2}"

# 测试 URL: http://127.0.0.1:5000/query?param1=value1&param2=value2&param2=value3

@app.route('/form', methods=['POST'])
def get_form_data():
    name = request.form.get('name', default=None, type=str)  # 获取单个参数
    age = request.form.get('age', default=0, type=int)  # 获取并转换为整数
    return f"name: {name}, age: {age}"

# 测试：使用 Postman 或 curl 提交表单数据

@app.route('/json', methods=['POST'])
def get_json_data():
    data = request.json  # 获取 JSON 数据
    name = data.get('name', None)
    age = data.get('age', 0)
    return f"name: {name}, age: {age}"

# 测试：使用 Postman 或 curl 提交 JSON 数据
# 请求头：Content-Type: application/json
# 请求体：{"name": "Alice", "age": 25}

@app.route('/upload', methods=['POST'])
def upload_file():
    file = request.files.get('file')  # 获取上传的文件
    if file:
        filename = file.filename
        file.save(f"./{filename}")  # 保存文件到本地
        return f"File uploaded: {filename}"
    return "No file uploaded"

# 测试：使用 Postman 或 curl 提交文件

@app.route('/user/<username>')
def get_user(username):
    return f"Hello, {username}!"

# 测试 URL: http://127.0.0.1:5000/user/Alice

@app.route('/raw', methods=['POST'])
def get_raw_data():
    raw_data = request.data.decode('utf-8')  # 获取并解码原始数据
    return f"Received raw data: {raw_data}"

# 测试：提交任意格式的原始数据

@app.route('/headers')
def get_headers():
    user_agent = request.headers.get('User-Agent')  # 获取 User-Agent
    host = request.headers.get('Host')  # 获取 Host
    return f"User-Agent: {user_agent}, Host: {host}"

# 测试：访问任意 URL

@app.route('/cookies')
def get_cookies():
    session_id = request.cookies.get('session_id', default=None)  # 获取 Cookie
    return f"Session ID: {session_id}"

# 测试：设置 Cookie 并访问

@app.route('/method', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def get_method():
    return f"Request method: {request.method}"

# 测试：分别用 GET 和 POST 方法访问

@app.route('/url')
def get_full_url():
    return f"Full URL: {request.url}"

# 测试：访问任意 URL