Python调用API的常用方式解析

import requests

def get_github_user(username):
    """
    使用requests库调用GitHub API获取用户信息
    """
    # 构造API请求
    url = f"https://api.github.com/users/{username}"
    
    try:
        # 发送GET请求（自动处理连接和关闭）
        response = requests.get(url, timeout=5)
        
        # 检查HTTP状态码
        if response.status_code == 200:
            # 解析JSON响应数据
            user_data = response.json()
            return {
                "name": user_data.get("name"),
                "location": user_data.get("location"),
                "public_repos": user_data.get("public_repos")
            }
        else:
            print(f"请求失败，状态码：{response.status_code}")
    except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
        print(f"请求异常：{str(e)}")

# 调用示例
if __name__ == "__main__":
    print(get_github_user("octocat"))  # GitHub官方测试账号

import http.client
import json

def get_httpbin_data():
    """
    使用http.client获取httpbin测试数据
    """
    # 创建对象
    conn = http.client.HTTPSConnection("httpbin.org")
    try:
        # 发送GET请求
        conn.request("GET", "/get")
        # 获取响应对象
        response = conn.getresponse()
        # 读取响应体并解码
        data = response.read().decode('utf-8')
        # 解析JSON数据
        return json.loads(data)
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"请求异常：{str(e)}")
    finally:
        # 必须手动关闭连接
        conn.close()

# 调用示例
if __name__ == "__main__":
    print(get_httpbin_data())
    

from urllib.request import urlopen
import json

def get_user_agent():
    """
    使用urllib获取客户端UA信息
    """
    url = "http://httpbin.org/user-agent"
    try:
        # 打开连接，自动处理HTTP/HTTPS
        with urlopen(url, timeout=5) as response:
            # 读取并解析JSON数据
            return json.loads(response.read().decode())
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"请求异常：{str(e)}")

# 调用示例
if __name__ == "__main__":
    print(get_user_agent())
    

import aiohttp
import asyncio

async def fetch_concurrent_data():
    """
    使用aiohttp并发获取多个API数据
    """
    urls = [
        "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1",
        "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/comments/1"
    ]
    
    # 创建共享会话（自动管理连接池）
    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
        tasks = []
        for url in urls:
            # 创建并发任务
            task = asyncio.create_task(
                session.get(url, timeout=aiohttp.ClientTimeout(total=3))
            )
            tasks.append(task)
        
        # 等待所有任务完成
        responses = await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
        
        results = []
        for response in responses:
            # 检查响应状态
            if response.status == 200:
                data = await response.json()
                results.append(data)
        return results

# 调用示例
if __name__ == "__main__":
    print(asyncio.run(fetch_concurrent_data()))