Python日期和时间完全指南与实战

from datetime import date, time, datetime, timedelta
# 纯日期操作
project_start = date(2024, 2, 1)
current_date = date.today()
print(f"项目已进行{(current_date - project_start).days}天")  # 输出间隔天数
# 精准时间控制
meeting_time = time(14, 30, tzinfo=pytz.timezone('Asia/Shanghai'))
print(meeting_time.isoformat())  # 14:30:00+08:00
# 完整日期时间
launch_time = datetime(2024, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, tzinfo=pytz.utc)
print(launch_time.astimezone(pytz.timezone('America/New_York')))  # 2024-12-31 18:59:59-05:00
# 时间跨度计算
development_cycle = timedelta(weeks=6, days=3)
bug_fix_window = timedelta(hours=72)

import pytz
from dateutil import tz
# 创建时区aware对象
utc_time = datetime.now(pytz.utc)
local_zone = tz.gettz('Asia/Shanghai')
# 时区转换最佳实践
def convert_timezone(src_time, target_zone):
    if src_time.tzinfo is None:
        raise ValueError("必须使用时区aware对象")
    return src_time.astimezone(target_zone)
# 处理夏令时敏感日期
paris_tz = pytz.timezone('Europe/Paris')
dt = paris_tz.localize(datetime(2024, 3, 31, 2, 30))  # 自动处理夏令时跳变

def parse_log_timestamp(log_str):
    # 统一处理各种格式的日志时间戳
    formats = [
        '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fZ',    # ISO UTC格式
        '%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z',     # Nginx日志格式
        '%Y%m%d-%H%M%S'             # 自定义压缩格式
    ]
    for fmt in formats:
        try:
            return datetime.strptime(log_str, fmt).astimezone(pytz.utc)
        except ValueError:
            continue
    raise InvalidTimestampException(f"无法解析的时间格式: {log_str}")

def validate_trade_time(trade_dt):
    # 校验是否在交易所营业时间
    nyse_tz = pytz.timezone('America/New_York')
    ny_time = trade_dt.astimezone(nyse_tz)
    # 排除周末
    if ny_time.weekday() >= 5:
        return False
    # 美东时间9:30-16:00
    open_time = ny_time.replace(hour=9, minute=30, second=0)
    close_time = ny_time.replace(hour=16, minute=0, second=0)
    # 处理节假日（需接入第三方API）
    if ny_time.date() in get_nyse_holidays():
        return False
    return open_time <= ny_time <= close_time

# 错误示范
naive_time = datetime.now()  
# 正确做法
aware_time = datetime.now(pytz.timezone('Asia/Tokyo'))

# 获取毫秒级时间戳
ts_ms = int(datetime.now().timestamp() * 1000)

# 安全创建含夏令时的时间
dt = datetime(2024, 3, 10, 2, 30)
pacific = pytz.timezone('US/Pacific')
localized = pacific.localize(dt, is_dst=None)  # 禁止模糊时间