Python Arrow实现优雅处理日期与时间的终极指南

pip install arrow

import arrow

# 获取当前时间（带时区）
now = arrow.now()
print(f"当前时间: {now}")  # 2023-07-20T14:30:45.123456+08:00

# 创建特定时间
birthday = arrow.get(1990, 5, 15, 14, 30)  # 年月日时分
print(f"生日: {birthday}")

# 从字符串解析（自动识别格式）
meeting_time = arrow.get("2023-08-15 14:30:00")
print(f"会议时间: {meeting_time}")

# 从时间戳创建
timestamp = 1689840000  # Unix时间戳
launch_time = arrow.get(timestamp)
print(f"发布时间: {launch_time}")

# 格式化为字符串
print(now.format("YYYY年MM月DD日 HH:mm:ss"))  # 2023年07月20日 14:30:45

# 转换为datetime对象
dt = now.datetime
print(type(dt))  # <class 'datetime.datetime'>

# 转换为时间戳
print(now.timestamp())  # 1689841845.123456

# 人性化时间显示
print(now.humanize())  # 几秒前
print(now.shift(minutes=-15).humanize())  # 15分钟前

# 时间偏移（链式调用）
tomorrow_9am = now.shift(days=1).replace(hour=9, minute=0, second=0)
print(f"明天9点: {tomorrow_9am}")

# 时区转换
utc_time = now.to('UTC')
print(f"UTC时间: {utc_time}")

ny_time = now.to('America/New_York')
print(f"纽约时间: {ny_time}")

# 时间差计算
future = arrow.get(2024, 1, 1)
days_left = (future - now).days
print(f"距离2024年还有 {days_left} 天")

# 获取今天的时间范围
start_of_day = now.floor('day')
end_of_day = now.ceil('day')
print(f"今日开始: {start_of_day}")
print(f"今日结束: {end_of_day}")

# 生成时间区间
start = arrow.get(2023, 1, 1)
end = arrow.get(2023, 1, 5)

# 按天生成范围
for day in arrow.Arrow.range('day', start, end):
    print(day.format("MM/DD"))

# 按月生成范围
for month_start, month_end in arrow.Arrow.span_range('month', start, end):
    print(f"{month_start.format('YYYY-MM')}: {month_start} 到 {month_end}")

# 获取时间属性
print(f"年: {now.year}, 月: {now.month}, 日: {now.day}")
print(f"时: {now.hour}, 分: {now.minute}, 秒: {now.second}")
print(f"星期: {now.weekday()}")  # 0=周一, 6=周日

# 时间比较
if now > tomorrow_9am:
    print("已经过了明天9点")
else:
    print("还没到明天9点")

# 检查是否为今天
if now.date() == arrow.now().date():
    print("这是今天的时间")

# 带本地化的人性化时间
print(now.humanize(locale='zh'))  # 中文显示: "几秒前"
print(now.shift(days=-2).humanize(locale='fr'))  # 法语: "il y a 2 jours"

# 指定粒度
print(now.shift(hours=3, minutes=15).humanize(
    granularity=["hour", "minute"],
    locale='zh'
))  # "3小时15分钟内"

def working_days(start_date, end_date, holidays=None):
    """计算两个日期之间的工作日天数"""
    if holidays is None:
        holidays = []
    
    start = arrow.get(start_date)
    end = arrow.get(end_date)
    
    # 确保开始日期在结束日期之前
    if start > end:
        start, end = end, start
    
    # 初始化计数器
    working_days_count = 0
    current = start
    
    # 遍历日期范围
    while current <= end:
        # 检查是否为周末 (周一到周五为工作日)
        if current.weekday() < 5:
            # 检查是否为节假日
            if current.format("YYYY-MM-DD") not in holidays:
                working_days_count += 1
        current = current.shift(days=1)
    
    return working_days_count

​​​​​​​# 使用示例
holidays = ["2023-10-01", "2023-10-02", "2023-10-03"]  # 国庆假期
work_days = working_days("2023-10-01", "2023-10-07", holidays)
print(f"2023年国庆假期的工作日天数: {work_days}")  # 输出: 0

class BirthdayManager:
    def __init__(self):
        self.birthdays = {}
    
    def add_birthday(self, name, date):
        """添加生日日期 (格式: YYYY-MM-DD)"""
        self.birthdays[name] = arrow.get(date)
    
    def upcoming_birthdays(self, days=30):
        """获取未来指定天数内的生日"""
        today = arrow.now()
        upcoming = []
        
        for name, bday in self.birthdays.items():
            # 计算今年的生日
            next_bday = bday.replace(year=today.year)
            if next_bday < today:
                next_bday = next_bday.shift(years=1)
            
            # 检查是否在指定天数内
            days_left = (next_bday - today).days
            if 0 <= days_left <= days:
                upcoming.append((name, next_bday, days_left))
        
        # 按时间排序
        upcoming.sort(key=lambda x: x[1])
        return upcoming
    
    def age_on_birthday(self, name):
        """计算下次生日时的年龄"""
        bday = self.birthdays.get(name)
        if not bday:
            return None
            
        today = arrow.now()
        next_bday = bday.replace(year=today.year)
        if next_bday < today:
            next_bday = next_bday.shift(years=1)
        
        return next_bday.year - bday.year

# 使用示例
manager = BirthdayManager()
manager.add_birthday("Alice", "1990-05-15")
manager.add_birthday("Bob", "1985-12-03")
manager.add_birthday("Charlie", "2000-07-22")

​​​​​​​print("\n未来30天内的生日:")
for name, date, days_left in manager.upcoming_birthdays():
    print(f"{name}: {date.format('MM月DD日')} ({days_left}天后), 将满 {manager.age_on_birthday(name)} 岁")

# 使用链式调用提高可读性
next_monday_9am = (
    arrow.now()
    .shift(weeks=1)
    .replace(hour=9, minute=0, second=0)
    .ceil('week')  # 下周一开始
)

# Arrow可以解析各种格式的时间字符串
arrow.get("2023-06-15")  # ISO格式
arrow.get("June 15, 2023")  # 自然语言
arrow.get("15/06/23", "DD/MM/YY")  # 指定格式

# 获取本季度的时间范围
start_of_quarter = now.floor('quarter')
end_of_quarter = now.ceil('quarter')

# 创建带有时区的时间
aware_time = arrow.get(2023, 6, 15, tzinfo='Asia/Shanghai')

# 不要使用naive时间
naive_time = arrow.get(2023, 6, 15)  # 不推荐，缺少时区信息

# 使用span_range高效处理时间范围
for start, end in arrow.Arrow.span_range('month', start_date, end_date):
    process_month(start, end)

# 重用现有对象进行时间操作
base = arrow.now()
times = [base.shift(hours=i) for i in range(24)]

# 比较时间戳比比较对象更快
if now.timestamp() > deadline.timestamp():
    print("已过期")