python开发框架django/flask/fastapi对比分析

pip install django

myproject/
    manage.py
    myproject/
        __init__.py
        settings.py
        urls.py
        wsgi.py
    myapp/
        models.py
        views.py
        urls.py

# myapp/views.py
from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
from .models import Book

@csrf_exempt
def book_list(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        books = Book.objects.all()
        data = [{'title': book.title, 'author': book.author} for book in books]
        return JsonResponse(data, safe=False)
    
    elif request.method == 'POST':
        title = request.POST.get('title')
        author = request.POST.get('author')
        book = Book.objects.create(title=title, author=author)
        return JsonResponse({'id': book.id}, status=201)

# myapp/urls.py
from django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('books/', views.book_list),
]

# myproject/urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import include, path

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('api/', include('myapp.urls')),
]

pip install flask

from flask import Flask, request, jsonify

app = Flask(__name__)

books = [
    {"id": 1, "title": "Python编程", "author": "John Doe"},
    {"id": 2, "title": "Flask Web开发", "author": "Jane Smith"}
]

@app.route('/books', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def handle_books():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return jsonify(books)
    
    if request.method == 'POST':
        new_book = request.json
        new_book['id'] = len(books) + 1
        books.append(new_book)
        return jsonify(new_book), 201

@app.route('/books/<int:book_id>', methods=['GET', 'PUT', 'DELETE'])
def handle_book(book_id):
    book = next((b for b in books if b['id'] == book_id), None)
    
    if not book:
        return jsonify({"error": "Book not found"}), 404
    
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return jsonify(book)
    
    if request.method == 'PUT':
        data = request.json
        book.update(data)
        return jsonify(book)
    
    if request.method == 'DELETE':
        books.remove(book)
        return '', 204

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

pip install fastapi uvicorn

from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException
from pydantic import BaseModel
from typing import List

app = FastAPI()

class Book(BaseModel):
    title: str
    author: str

books_db = [
    {"id": 1, "title": "Python编程", "author": "John Doe"},
    {"id": 2, "title": "FastAPI开发", "author": "Jane Smith"}
]

@app.get("/books", response_model=List[Book])
async def read_books():
    return books_db

@app.post("/books", response_model=Book, status_code=201)
async def create_book(book: Book):
    new_book = book.dict()
    new_book["id"] = len(books_db) + 1
    books_db.append(new_book)
    return new_book

@app.get("/books/{book_id}", response_model=Book)
async def read_book(book_id: int):
    book = next((b for b in books_db if b["id"] == book_id), None)
    if not book:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Book not found")
    return book

# 自动文档访问:
# - Swagger UI: http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs
# - ReDoc: http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc