Python日志记录与loguru高级用法全解析

import logging

# 基础配置
logging.basicConfig(
    level=logging.INFO,
    format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s'
)

# 使用示例
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
logger.info("用户登录成功")  # 输出：2023-07-20 14:30:00 - __main__ - INFO - 用户登录成功

from loguru import logger

​​​​​​​# 无需配置直接使用
logger.debug("调试信息")  # 默认不显示
logger.success("关键操作完成")

# 将ERROR级日志单独保存
logger.add("error.log", 
           level="ERROR",
           rotation="10 MB",
           filter=lambda record: record["level"].name == "ERROR")

logger.add("app_{time}.log",
           rotation="00:00",  # 每日轮转
           retention="30 days",  # 保留30天
           compression="zip")  # 自动压缩旧日志

@app.middleware("http")
async def log_requests(request: Request, call_next):
    start_time = time.time()
    response = await call_next(request)
    
    logger.bind(
        path=request.url.path,
        method=request.method,
        status=response.status_code,
        latency=time.time() - start_time
    ).info("API请求记录")
    
    return response

logger.add("structured.log", 
          format="{time:YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss} | {level} | {message}",
          serialize=True)  # 自动转为JSON格式

def development_only(record):
    return record["extra"].get("env") == "dev"

logger.add("dev.log", filter=development_only)

# 在请求生命周期中保持上下文
context_logger = logger.bind(request_id=uuid.uuid4())
context_logger.info("开始处理请求")

def alert_on_critical(record):
    if record["level"].name == "CRITICAL":
        send_alert_email(record["message"])
    return True

logger.add(alert_on_critical)

# 对比日志库性能
def stress_test():
    start = time.time()
    for _ in range(10000):
        logger.info("压力测试消息")
    print(f"耗时: {time.time()-start:.2f}s")

# 测试结果：
# logging模块：1.34s
# loguru：0.89s

# 发送日志到ELK
logger.add(
    lambda msg: requests.post("http://elk:9200/logs", json=msg),
    format="{message}",
    serialize=True
)

# 敏感信息过滤
def sanitize(record):
    if "password" in record["message"]:
        record["message"] = record["message"].replace(..., "***")
    return True

logger = logger.patch(sanitize)