Python中SyntaxError的语法错误排查与修复方法

def greet():
print("Hello")  # 报错：SyntaxError: expected an indented block

def greet():
    print("Hello")  # 正确缩进

if x > 0  # 报错：SyntaxError: expected ':'
    print("Positive")

if x > 0:
    print("Positive")

message = "This is a multi-line
string"  # 报错：SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal

message = """This is a multi-line
string"""  # 使用三引号
message = "This is a multi-line\nstring"  # 使用换行符

data = {1, 2, 3}  # 报错：SyntaxError: invalid syntax

data = {1: "one", 2: "two", 3: "three"}  # 字典
data = {1, 2, 3}  # 集合（Python 2.7+）

python -m py_compile script.py  # 检查语法错误
python script.py  # 运行并查看具体错误

# 错误代码
def calculate(a, b):
    return a + b
    print("Result:", result)  # 无法执行

# 分段测试
def calculate(a, b):
    result = a + b
    print("Result:", result)  # 测试缩进
    return result

code = """
def greet():
    print("Hello")
greet()
"""
try:
    exec(code)
except SyntaxError as e:
    print(f"SyntaxError: {e.msg} at line {e.lineno}")

import ast

code = """
def greet():
    print("Hello")
"""

try:
    ast.parse(code)
    print("Code is syntactically correct")
except SyntaxError as e:
    print(f"SyntaxError: {e.msg} at line {e.lineno}")