Selenium显式等待配置错误的报错与修复实战指南

selenium.common.exceptions.TimeoutException: Message: 

# 浏览器开发者工具监控Network面板
# 记录元素加载时间轴
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

try:
    element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
        EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, "dynamicContent"))
    )
except TimeoutException:
    driver.save_screenshot("timeout_error.png")
    raise

def safe_element_interaction(driver, locator):
    for _ in range(3):
        try:
            element = WebDriverWait(driver, 5).until(
                EC.element_to_be_clickable(locator)
            )
            element.click()
            return
        except StaleElementReferenceException:
            print("元素失效，重试中...")
    raise Exception("元素操作失败")

TypeError: __init__() takes 2 positional arguments but 3 were given

# 错误示范：缺少元组括号
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
    EC.presence_of_element_located(By.ID, "submitBtn")
)

import time
from statistics import mean

class AdaptiveTimeoutCalculator:
    def __init__(self):
        self.history = []
    
    def record_load_time(self, duration):
        if len(self.history) > 10:
            self.history.pop(0)
        self.history.append(duration)
    
    def get_adaptive_timeout(self):
        if not self.history:
            return 10  # 默认初始值
        avg = mean(self.history)
        return max(10, int(avg * 1.5))  # 动态扩展系数

# 使用示例
calculator = AdaptiveTimeoutCalculator()
start_time = time.time()
# 执行页面操作...
calculator.record_load_time(time.time() - start_time)
timeout = calculator.get_adaptive_timeout()

from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

def composite_wait(driver, locator, timeout=30):
    conditions = [
        (EC.presence_of_element_located, locator),
        (EC.visibility_of_element_located, locator),
        (EC.element_to_be_clickable, locator)
    ]
    
    start_time = time.time()
    while time.time() - start_time < timeout:
        for cond in conditions:
            try:
                return WebDriverWait(driver, 0.5).until(*cond)
            except:
                continue
        time.sleep(0.1)
    raise TimeoutException("复合等待超时")

# 原始代码
rows = WebDriverWait(driver, 5).until(
    EC.presence_of_all_elements_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "tr.data-row"))
)

# 优化方案（分阶段等待）
def wait_for_table_load(driver):
    # 等待表格容器出现
    container = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
        EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, "dataTableContainer"))
    )
    
    # 等待滚动加载完成
    last_height = driver.execute_script("return document.body.scrollHeight")
    while True:
        driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);")
        time.sleep(1)
        new_height = driver.execute_script("return document.body.scrollHeight")
        if new_height == last_height:
            break
        last_height = new_height
    
    # 最终验证数据行数
    return WebDriverWait(driver, 5).until(
        EC.presence_of_all_elements_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "tr.data-row"))
    )

def expand_shadow_element(driver, element):
    shadow_root = driver.execute_script('return arguments[0].shadowRoot', element)
    return shadow_root

# 使用示例
outer_element = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "custom-component")
shadow_root = expand_shadow_element(driver, outer_element)
inner_element = WebDriverWait(shadow_root, 10).until(
    EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".inner-button"))
)

class SmartWait:
    def __init__(self, driver, base_timeout=15):
        self.driver = driver
        self.base_timeout = base_timeout
        self.wait = WebDriverWait(driver, base_timeout)
    
    def until(self, condition, timeout_multiplier=1):
        adjusted_timeout = self.base_timeout * timeout_multiplier
        return self.wait.until(condition, message=f"等待超时 {adjusted_timeout}秒")
    
    def custom_condition(self, func, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.wait.until(lambda d: func(d, *args, **kwargs))

# 使用示例
smart_wait = SmartWait(driver)
element = smart_wait.until(
    EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, "submitBtn")),
    timeout_multiplier=2  # 关键操作延长等待
)