Python中10大高阶调试方法分享

import pdb

def problematic_function(x, y):
    result = x * y
    pdb.set_trace()  # 设置断点
    return result + 10

problematic_function(3, 4)

def modern_debugging():
    x = 10
    y = 20
    breakpoint()  # 自动使用最佳调试器
    return x + y

export PYTHONBREAKPOINT=ipdb.set_trace  # 使用ipdb

import logging

logging.basicConfig(
    level=logging.DEBUG,
    format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s',
    filename='app.log'
)

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

def log_example():
    try:
        result = 10 / 0
    except Exception as e:
        logger.exception("发生了除零错误: ")
        raise

def process_data(data):
    assert isinstance(data, dict), "data必须是字典"
    assert 'key' in data, "data必须包含'key'"
    
    # 复杂断言
    assert all(isinstance(x, (int, float)) for x in data.values()), "所有值必须是数字"
    
    return {k: v*2 for k, v in data.items()}

import sys

def trace_calls(frame, event, arg):
    if event == 'call':
        filename = frame.f_code.co_filename
        lineno = frame.f_lineno
        funcname = frame.f_code.co_name
        print(f"调用: {funcname} at {filename}:{lineno}")
    return trace_calls

sys.settrace(trace_calls)

def example_function():
    print("函数内部")

example_function()
sys.settrace(None)  # 禁用跟踪

import cProfile

def slow_function():
    total = 0
    for i in range(1000000):
        total += i
    return total

cProfile.run('slow_function()')

pip install line_profiler

# 在函数前添加装饰器
@profile
def slow_function():
    total = 0
    for i in range(1000000):
        total += i
    return total

kernprof -l -v script.py

import objgraph

x = []
y = [x, [x], {'x': x}]
objgraph.show_backrefs([x], filename='backrefs.png')

import tracemalloc

tracemalloc.start()

# 你的代码
data = [dict(zip('abc', (1, 2, 3))) for _ in range(100000)]

snapshot = tracemalloc.take_snapshot()
top_stats = snapshot.statistics('lineno')

for stat in top_stats[:10]:
    print(stat)

import sys

def custom_excepthook(exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback):
    print("!!! 未捕获异常 !!!", file=sys.stderr)
    print(f"类型: {exc_type}", file=sys.stderr)
    print(f"值: {exc_value}", file=sys.stderr)
    
    # 可以在这里添加日志记录、错误报告等

sys.excepthook = custom_excepthook

# 测试
1 / 0

from IPython import embed

def complex_calculation(a, b):
    result = a * b
    if result > 100:
        embed()  # 进入IPython shell
    return result

complex_calculation(50, 3)