Python XML 基本操作示例详解

from xml.etree import ElementTree as et
import xml.dom.minidom as minidom
# 创建根节点 
root = et.Element('school')
names = ['张三', '李四']
genders = ['男', '女']
ages = ['20', '18']
# 添加子节点
student1 = et.SubElement(root, 'student')
student2 = et.SubElement(root, 'student')
et.SubElement(student1, 'name').text = names[0]
et.SubElement(student1, 'gender').text = genders[0]
et.SubElement(student1, 'age').text = ages[0]
et.SubElement(student2, 'name').text = names[1]
et.SubElement(student2, 'gender').text = genders[1]
et.SubElement(student2, 'age').text = ages[1]
# 将根目录转化为树行结构
tree = et.ElementTree(root)
rough_str = et.tostring(root, 'utf-8')
# 格式化
reparsed = minidom.parseString(rough_str)
new_str = reparsed.toprettyxml(indent='\t')
f = open('test.xml', 'w', encoding='utf-8')
# 保存
f.write(new_str)
f.close()

from xml.dom.minidom import parse
# 读取文件
dom = parse('test.xml')
# 获取文档元素对象
elem = dom.documentElement
# 获取 student
stus = elem.getElementsByTagName('student')
for stu in stus:
	# 获取标签中内容
    name = stu.getElementsByTagName('name')[0].childNodes[0].nodeValue
    gender = stu.getElementsByTagName('gender')[0].childNodes[0].nodeValue
    age = stu.getElementsByTagName('age')[0].childNodes[0].nodeValue
    print('name:', name, ', gender:', gender, ', age:', age)

import xml.sax
class StudentHandler(xml.sax.ContentHandler):
    def __init__(self):
        self.name = ''
        self.age = ''
        self.gender = ''
    # 元素开始调用
    def startElement(self, tag, attributes):
        self.CurrentData = tag
    # 元素结束调用
    def endElement(self, tag):
        if self.CurrentData == 'name':
            print('name:', self.name)
        elif self.CurrentData == 'gender':
            print('gender:', self.gender)
        elif self.CurrentData == 'age':
            print('age:', self.age)
        self.CurrentData = ''
    # 读取字符时调用
    def characters(self, content):
        if self.CurrentData == 'name':
            self.name = content
        elif self.CurrentData ==  'gender':
            self.gender = content
        elif self.CurrentData ==  'age':
            self.age = content
if (__name__ == "__main__"):
    # 创建 XMLReader
    parser = xml.sax.make_parser()
    # 关闭命名空间
    parser.setFeature(xml.sax.handler.feature_namespaces, 0)
    # 重写 ContextHandler
    Handler = StudentHandler()
    parser.setContentHandler(Handler)
    parser.parse('test.xml')

import xml.etree.ElementTree as et
tree = et.parse('test.xml')
# 根节点
root = tree.getroot()
for stu in root:
    print('name:', stu[0].text, ', gender:', stu[1].text, ', age:', stu[2].text)