Python中常用模块json，datetime，turtle的基本使用操作大全

import json

data = {
    "name": "张三",
    "age": 30,
    "is_student": False,
    "courses": ["数学", "英语", "计算机"],
    "address": None
}
json_str = json.dumps(data, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4)
print(json_str)

json_data = '''
{
    "name": "李四",
    "age": 25,
    "is_student": true,
    "courses": ["物理", "化学"],
    "address": null
}
'''
python_obj = json.loads(json_data)
print(python_obj["name"])  # 输出: 李四

data = {
    "name": "王五",
    "age": 28,
    "hobbies": ["阅读", "游泳"]
}
with open('data.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    json.dump(data, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4)

with open('data.json', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    loaded_data = json.load(f)
print(loaded_data["hobbies"])  # 输出: ['阅读', '游泳']

from datetime import date
# 方法1：使用date构造函数
d1 = date(2023, 5, 15)  # 年月日
# 方法2：获取今天日期
today = date.today()

from datetime import date
# 方法1：使用date构造函数
d1 = date(2025, 7, 13)  # 年月日
# 方法2：获取今天日期
today = date.today()
print(f"今天是：{today}")
print(d1.year)   # 2025
print(d1.month)  # 7
print(d1.day)    # 13
# 获取星期几（周一为0，周日为6）
print(d1.weekday())
# 获取星期几（周一为1，周日为7）
print(d1.isoweekday())
# 获取日期字符串:23年05月15日 2023/05/15
print(d1.strftime("%Y年%m月%d日"), d1.strftime("%Y/%m/%d"))

from datetime import time
# 构造时间
t1 = time(16,56,30)
print(t1)

from datetime import time
# 构造时间
t1 = time(16,56,30)
print(t1)
#获取属性
print(t1.hour, t1.minute, t1.second)
#格式化时间
print(t1.strftime("%H时%M分%S秒"))

from datetime import datetime
# 日期时间
d = datetime.now()
print(d)
# 构造日期时间
d1 = datetime(2025, 7, 8, 15, 20, 12,30)
print(d1)

from datetime import datetime
# 日期时间
d = datetime.now()
print(d)
# 构造日期时间
d1 = datetime(2025, 7, 8, 15, 20, 12,30)
print(d1)
#获取属性
print(d1.year, d1.month, d1.day, d1.hour, d1.minute, d1.second,d1.microsecond)
# 格式化日期时间
print(d1.strftime("%d/%m/%Y, %H:%M:%S"))

from datetime import datetime, timedelta
# 时间增量
now = datetime.now()
c = now + timedelta(seconds=60) #内部属性有days, hours, minutes,seconds, microseconds等等
print(c)

from datetime import datetime
now = datetime.now()
# 基本格式化
print(now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"))           # 2025-07-14
print(now.strftime("%d/%m/%Y"))           # 14/07/2025
print(now.strftime("%A, %B %d, %Y"))     # Monday, July 14, 2025
# 时间格式化
print(now.strftime("%H:%M:%S"))           # 14:05:30
print(now.strftime("%I:%M %p"))           # 02:05 PM
# 组合日期时间
print(now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))  # 2025-07-14 14:05:30
# 自定义格式
print(now.strftime("今天是%Y年%m月%d日"))  # 今天是2025年07月14日

from datetime import datetime
# 解析标准格式
dt1 = datetime.strptime("2025-07-15", "%Y-%m-%d")
print(dt1)  # 2023-07-15 00:00:00
# 解析带时间的字符串
dt2 = datetime.strptime("15/07/2025 14:30", "%d/%m/%Y %H:%M")
print(dt2)  # 2023-07-15 14:30:00
# 解析含星期和月份的字符串
dt3 = datetime.strptime("Monday, July 14, 2025", "%A, %B %d, %Y")
print(dt3)  # 2025-07-14 00:00:00
# 解析12小时制时间
dt4 = datetime.strptime("02:30 PM", "%I:%M %p")
# 注意：这样得到的是1900-01-01加上指定时间
# 通常需要结合日期使用
# 解析中文日期
dt5 = datetime.strptime("2025年07月15日", "%Y年%m月%d日")
print(dt5)  # 2023-07-15 00:00:00

import turtle
import random
turtle.reset()
# 设置画笔宽细
turtle.width(3)
# 设置画笔颜色、填充色
turtle.color("blue", "black")
turtle.up()
turtle.goto(0, -300)
turtle.down()
turtle.circle(300)
turtle.setheading(90)
turtle.up()
turtle.goto(0, 0)
turtle.down()
for i in range(24):
    turtle.color(random.choices(["blue", "black", "pink", "yellow", "skyblue"]))
    turtle.circle(150)
    turtle.left(15)
# 导入主循环，不结束绘图程序
turtle.mainloop()