Python条件语句match-case的具体使用

match 值:
    case 模式1:
        # 匹配模式1时执行
    case 模式2:
        # 匹配模式2时执行
    case _:
        # 默认情况(类似else)

status = 404

match status:
    case 200:
        print("成功")
    case 404:
        print("未找到")
    case 500:
        print("服务器错误")
    case _:
        print("未知状态码")

command = "左"

match command:
    case "上" | "下" | "左" | "右":
        print("方向指令")
    case "开始" | "暂停" | "继续":
        print("控制指令")
    case _:
        print("未知指令")

point = (3, 4)

match point:
    case (0, 0):
        print("原点")
    case (x, 0):
        print(f"在X轴上，x={x}")
    case (0, y):
        print(f"在Y轴上，y={y}")
    case (x, y):
        print(f"在坐标({x}, {y})")

class Point:
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y

p = Point(1, 2)

match p:
    case Point(x=0, y=0):
        print("原点")
    case Point(x=x, y=0):
        print(f"在X轴上，x={x}")
    case Point(x=0, y=y):
        print(f"在Y轴上，y={y}")
    case Point(x=x, y=y):
        print(f"坐标点({x}, {y})")

age = 25
status = "student"

match age:
    case x if x < 18:
        print("未成年人")
    case x if 18 <= x < 25 and status == "student":
        print("青年学生")
    case x if 18 <= x < 25:
        print("青年")
    case _:
        print("成年人")

data = {
    "type": "user",
    "name": "张三",
    "age": 25,
    "is_vip": True
}

match data:
    case {"type": "user", "name": name, "age": age} if age >= 18:
        print(f"成年用户: {name}")
    case {"type": "user", "name": name, "age": age}:
        print(f"未成年用户: {name}")
    case {"type": "admin", "name": name}:
        print(f"管理员: {name}")
    case _:
        print("未知数据类型")

def handle_command(command):
    match command.split():
        case ["移动", direction]:
            print(f"向{direction}移动")
        case ["攻击", target]:
            print(f"攻击{target}")
        case ["使用", item, "对", target]:
            print(f"对{target}使用{item}")
        case ["退出"]:
            print("游戏退出")
        case _:
            print("无法识别的指令")

handle_command("移动 北方")  # 向北方移动
handle_command("使用 药水 对 自己")  # 对自己使用药水