python urllib模块使用操作方法

from urllib.request import urlopen
from urllib.parse import urlparse, urljoin
# 打开 URL 并读取内容
response = urlopen('https://www.example.com')
content = response.read()
# 解析 URL
parsed_url = urlparse('https://www.example.com/path?query=123')
print(parsed_url.scheme)  # 'https'
print(parsed_url.netloc)  # 'www.example.com'
print(parsed_url.path)    # '/path'
print(parsed_url.query)   # 'query=123'
# 拼接 URL
base_url = 'https://www.example.com/path'
relative_url = 'subpath'
full_url = urljoin(base_url, relative_url)
print(full_url)  # 'https://www.example.com/subpath'

import requests
# 发送 GET 请求
response = requests.get('https://www.example.com')
print(response.status_code)  # 200
print(response.text)         # HTML 内容
# 发送 POST 请求
data = {'key': 'value'}
response = requests.post('https://www.example.com/post', data=data)
# 处理 URL 参数
params = {'query': 'python', 'page': 1}
response = requests.get('https://www.example.com/search', params=params)
print(response.url)  # 'https://www.example.com/search?query=python&page=1'

from urllib.parse import urlparse, urljoin
# 解析 URL
url = 'https://www.example.com:8080/path/to/page?query=python#section'
parsed = urlparse(url)
print(parsed.scheme)   # 'https'
print(parsed.netloc)   # 'www.example.com:8080'
print(parsed.path)     # '/path/to/page'
print(parsed.query)    # 'query=python'
print(parsed.fragment) # 'section'
# 拼接 URL
base = 'https://www.example.com/path/'
relative = 'subpath'
full_url = urljoin(base, relative)
print(full_url)  # 'https://www.example.com/path/subpath'

from urllib.parse import quote, unquote, urlencode
# 编码 URL
encoded = quote('python url example')
print(encoded)  # 'python%20url%20example'
# 解码 URL
decoded = unquote('python%20url%20example')
print(decoded)  # 'python url example'
# 编码查询参数
params = {'q': 'python url', 'page': 1}
encoded_params = urlencode(params)
print(encoded_params)  # 'q=python+url&page=1'