Python中经纬度距离计算的实现方式

pip install geopy

from geopy.distance import geodesic, great_circle

# 定义两点（纬度, 经度）
point_a = (39.9042, 116.4074)  # 北京
point_b = (31.2304, 121.4737)  # 上海

# 方法1：
# geopy 1.x 版本 Vincenty（默认，高精度）
# geopy 2.0 版本 Karney
distance_karney = geodesic(point_a, point_b).km
print(f"karney距离: {distance_karney:.2f} km")

# 方法2：大圆距离（Haversine，球面近似）
distance_great_circle = great_circle(point_a, point_b).km
print(f"大圆距离: {distance_great_circle:.2f} km")

Karney距离: 1065.85 km
大圆距离: 1067.31 km

import math


def haversine(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2):
    R = 6371  # 地球半径（km）
    phi1, phi2 = math.radians(lat1), math.radians(lat2)
    delta_phi = math.radians(lat2 - lat1)
    delta_lambda = math.radians(lon2 - lon1)

    a = math.sin(delta_phi / 2) ** 2 + \
        math.cos(phi1) * math.cos(phi2) * math.sin(delta_lambda / 2) ** 2
    c = 2 * math.atan2(math.sqrt(a), math.sqrt(1 - a))
    return R * c

distance = haversine(39.9042, 116.4074, 31.2304, 121.4737)
print(f"Haversine距离: {distance:.2f} km")

Haversine距离: 1067.31 km

pip install pyproj

from pyproj import Geod

# 使用WGS84椭球
geod = Geod(ellps="WGS84")

# 计算距离和方位角
# 参数顺序：起点经度、起点纬度、终点经度、终点纬度
_, _, distance = geod.inv(116.4074, 39.9042, 121.4737, 31.2304)
print(f"pyproj椭球距离: {distance / 1000:.2f} km")

pyproj椭球距离: 1065.85 km

import math

def flat_approximation(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2):
    R = 6371  # 地球半径（km）
    avg_lat = math.radians((lat1 + lat2) / 2)
    dx = math.radians(lon2 - lon1) * math.cos(avg_lat)
    dy = math.radians(lat2 - lat1)
    return R * math.sqrt(dx**2 + dy**2)

# 示例（北京天安门到北京西站）
distance = flat_approximation(39.9042, 116.4074, 39.8946, 116.3224)
print(f"平面近似距离: {distance:.2f} km")

平面近似距离: 7.33 km

pip install coord-convert

from coord_convert import transform

# GCJ-02 转 WGS84
gcj_lon, gcj_lat = 116.404, 39.915  # 北京天安门（GCJ-02）
wgs_lon, wgs_lat = transform.gcj2wgs(gcj_lon, gcj_lat)
print(f"WGS84坐标: {wgs_lon:.6f}, {wgs_lat:.6f}")
# WGS84坐标: 116.397756, 39.913596

# BD-09 转 WGS84
bd_lon, bd_lat = 116.410, 39.921  # 北京天安门（BD-09）
wgs_lon, wgs_lat = transform.bd2wgs(bd_lon, bd_lat)
print(f"WGS84坐标: {wgs_lon:.6f}, {wgs_lat:.6f}")
# WGS84坐标: 116.397387, 39.913258