从入门到避坑详解Pyinstaller打包Python程序的详细指南

pip install pyinstaller

# 生成单文件
pyinstaller -F main.py

# 生成目录结构
pyinstaller main.py

# 添加图标（需.ico格式）
pyinstaller -F -i icon.ico main.py

pyinstaller --exclude-module matplotlib main.py

import sys
import os

def resource_path(relative_path):
    """ 获取资源的绝对路径 """
    if hasattr(sys, '_MEIPASS'):
        return os.path.join(sys._MEIPASS, relative_path)
    return os.path.join(os.path.abspath("."), relative_path)

# 使用示例
image_path = resource_path('images/logo.png')

pyinstaller --upx-dir=/path/to/upx -F main.py

pyinstaller --onefile --windowed main.py

a = Analysis(['main.py'],
             pathex=['/path/to/project'],
             binaries=[],
             datas=[('config.ini', '.'), ('images/*.png', 'images')],
             hiddenimports=[],
             hookspath=[],
             runtime_hooks=[],
             excludes=[],
             win_no_prefer_redirects=False,
             win_private_assemblies=False,
             cipher=block_cipher)

pyinstaller --windowed --icon=app.ico app.py

# main.py
import sys
import os
from PyQt5 import QtWidgets

def resource_path(relative_path):
    """ 处理资源文件路径 """
    base_path = getattr(sys, '_MEIPASS', os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
    return os.path.join(base_path, relative_path)

class MainWindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()
        
    def initUI(self):
        # 加载资源文件
        icon_path = resource_path('icons/app.ico')
        self.setWindowIcon(QtWidgets.QIcon(icon_path))
        
        # 其他界面代码...
        
if __name__ == '__main__':
    try:
        app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
        window = MainWindow()
        window.show()
        sys.exit(app.exec_())
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"程序错误: {e}")
        input("按任意键退出...")

pyinstaller --onefile --windowed --icon=app.ico --add-data "icons/app.ico;icons" main.py

# 创建虚拟环境（避免库冲突）
python -m venv pack_env
pack_env\Scripts\activate  # Windows激活
pip install pyinstaller==5.13.0  # 指定版本避免兼容问题

import tkinter as tk
def main():
    window = tk.Tk()
    window.title("PyInstaller测试")
    label = tk.Label(window, text="打包成功！")
    label.pack(padx=50, pady=50)
    window.mainloop()
if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

pyinstaller -F -w -i icon.ico app.py

dist/
   app.exe        # 最终可执行文件
build/
   app/           # 临时编译文件
spec/
   app.spec       # 打包配置文件

# 通过命令行运行查看报错
dist\app.exe > log.txt 2>&1

import sys
import os

def resource_path(relative_path):
    """ 获取资源绝对路径 """
    try:
        base_path = sys._MEIPASS  # PyInstaller临时文件夹
    except AttributeError:
        base_path = os.path.abspath(".")
    return os.path.join(base_path, relative_path)

# 使用示例
img_path = resource_path("images/logo.png")

import multiprocessing

if __name__ == '__main__':
    multiprocessing.freeze_support()  # 修复多进程
    # 主程序代码

# 1. 排除无用库
pyinstaller --exclude-module matplotlib --exclude-module pandas

# 2. 使用虚拟环境（仅安装必要依赖）
pip freeze > requirements.txt  # 导出依赖清单

pyinstaller --add-binary "Qt5Core.dll;." app.py

import sys

if getattr(sys, 'frozen', False):
    # 打包模式下使用sys.argv[1:] 
else:
    # 开发模式

# requirements.txt 严格指定版本
numpy==1.24.3
requests==2.31.0

a = Analysis(
    ['app.py'],
    binaries=[('src/data/*', 'data')],  # 添加二进制资源
    datas=[('images/*.png', 'imgs')],   # 添加数据文件
    hiddenimports=['sklearn.utils'],    # 强制导入隐藏依赖
)

import os
import platform

def build_app():
    cmd = [
        "pyinstaller",
        "-F",
        "--add-data=assets;assets" if platform.system()=="Windows" else "--add-data=assets:assets",
        "--clean",
        "--upx-dir=upx-3.96-win64",
        "app.py"
    ]
    os.system(" ".join(cmd))

if __name__ == "__main__":
    build_app()

# app.py（主程序）
import sys
import os
import tkinter as tk
from PIL import Image, ImageTk

def resource_path(relative_path):
    """ 资源路径兼容函数 """
    if hasattr(sys, '_MEIPASS'):
        return os.path.join(sys._MEIPASS, relative_path)
    return os.path.join(os.path.abspath("."), relative_path)

def main():
    window = tk.Tk()
    window.title("高级打包示例")
    
    # 加载图片（演示资源文件处理）
    try:
        img_path = resource_path("assets/logo.png")
        img = Image.open(img_path)
        photo = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img)
        label_img = tk.Label(window, image=photo)
        label_img.image = photo
        label_img.pack()
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"资源加载失败: {e}")
    
    label_text = tk.Label(window, text="PyInstaller终极解决方案", font=("Arial", 24))
    label_text.pack(pady=20)
    window.mainloop()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # Windows多进程安全启动
    if sys.platform.startswith('win'):
        from multiprocessing import freeze_support
        freeze_support()
    
    main()

# build.sh（Linux/Mac打包脚本）
#!/bin/bash
pyinstaller -F \
  --add-data "assets:assets" \
  --clean \
  --icon=app.icns \
  --name "MyApp" \
  app.py