Python记录日志的完整指南

import logging

# 创建基础配置
logging.basicConfig(
    level=logging.INFO,  # 设置日志级别
    format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s',
    handlers=[
        logging.StreamHandler(),  # 输出到控制台
        logging.FileHandler('app.log')  # 输出到文件
    ]
)

# 创建记录器
logger = logging.getLogger('my_app')

# 记录不同级别的日志
logger.debug('调试信息')
logger.info('程序正常启动')
logger.warning('磁盘空间不足')
logger.error('数据库连接失败')
logger.critical('系统崩溃')

from logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler

# 每个文件10MB，保留3个备份
handler = RotatingFileHandler(
    'app.log', 
    maxBytes=10*1024*1024, 
    backupCount=3
)
logger.addHandler(handler)

from logging.handlers import QueueHandler, QueueListener
import queue
import threading

log_queue = queue.Queue(-1)
listener = QueueListener(log_queue, *logger.handlers)
listener.start()

logger.addHandler(QueueHandler(log_queue))

from logging import LoggerAdapter

class RequestContext:
    def __init__(self, request_id):
        self.request_id = request_id

adapter = LoggerAdapter(logger, {'request_id': 'REQ123'})
adapter.info('处理用户请求')
# 输出：[2025-09-04 10:00:00] - my_app - INFO - REQ123 - 处理用户请求

class SensitiveFilter:
    def filter(self, record):
        msg = record.msg
        # 替换敏感信息（如密码）
        msg = msg.replace('password=123456', 'password=******')
        record.msg = msg
        return True

logger.addFilter(SensitiveFilter())

mkdir /var/log/myapp
chmod 775 /var/log/myapp
chown -R appuser:appgroup /var/log/myapp