Python利用SNMP与Netmiko实现网络监控应用实践

from pysnmp.hlapi import *

def get_snmp_data(ip, community, oids):
    results = []
    for oid in oids:
        error_indication, error_status, error_index, var_binds = next(
            getCmd(SnmpEngine(),
                  CommunityData(community),
                  UdpTransportTarget((ip, 161)),
                  ContextData(),
                  ObjectType(ObjectIdentity(oid)))
        )
        if error_indication:
            print(f"Error: {error_indication}")
        elif error_status:
            print(f"Error: {error_status}")
        else:
            for var_bind in var_binds:
                results.append((str(var_bind[0]), str(var_bind[1])))
    return results

# 监控Cisco交换机CPU和内存
devices = [{"ip": "192.168.1.1", "community": "public"}]
oids = [
    "1.3.6.1.4.1.9.9.109.1.1.1.1.6.1",  # CPU 5分钟利用率
    "1.3.6.1.4.1.9.9.48.1.1.1.6.1"      # 内存使用率
]

for device in devices:
    data = get_snmp_data(device["ip"], device["community"], oids)
    print(f"\n{device['ip']} 状态:")
    for oid, value in data:
        if "109.1.1.1.6" in oid:
            print(f"CPU 5分钟平均: {int(value)}%")
        elif "48.1.1.1.6" in oid:
            print(f"内存使用: {int(value)/1000000:.2f}MB")

from netmiko import ConnectHandler

def rename_device(ip, new_name):
    huawei = {
        'device_type': 'huawei',
        'host': ip,
        'username': 'admin',
        'password': 'password',
        'port': 8022
    }
    try:
        with ConnectHandler(**huawei) as conn:
            # 进入系统视图
            conn.write_channel("system-view\n")
            # 修改设备名称（遵循<位置>-<类型>-<序列号>规则）
            conn.write_channel(f"sysname {new_name}\n")
            # 保存配置
            conn.write_channel("save\n")
            conn.write_channel("y\n")
            print(f"{ip} 重命名成功")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"{ip} 配置失败: {str(e)}")

# 批量执行
devices = [
    {"ip": "192.168.1.10", "new_name": "SH-Core-SW-001"},
    {"ip": "192.168.1.11", "new_name": "SH-Core-SW-002"}
]
for device in devices:
    rename_device(device["ip"], device["new_name"])

# 使用连接池管理会话
from netmiko import Netmiko
from queue import Queue

def worker(q, results):
    while True:
        device = q.get()
        try:
            with Netmiko(**device) as conn:
                output = conn.send_command("show version")
                results.append((device["host"], output))
        except Exception as e:
            results.append((device["host"], str(e)))
        q.task_done()

devices = [...]  # 设备列表
q = Queue(maxsize=10)
results = []
for _ in range(5):  # 5个工作线程
    threading.Thread(target=worker, args=(q, results)).start()

for device in devices:
    q.put(device)
q.join()