python常用模块之时间模块(time,datetime,timedelta)详解

import time
print("开始执行")
time.sleep(2.5)
print('2.5秒后继续执行')

import time
time_tuple=time.strptime('2025-11-20','%Y-%m-%d')
print(time_tuple)#time.struct_time(tm_year=2025, tm_mon=11, tm_mday=20, tm_hour=0, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=324, tm_isdst=-1)
print(time_tuple.tm_year)#2025
print(time_tuple.tm_mon)#11

import time
# 参数t省略时，默认获取当前时间
print(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d'))#2025-11-25
# 获取当前时间的时间元组
current_time = time.localtime()
# 格式化为各种字符串格式
print(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", current_time))  # 2023-08-07 10:30:45
print(time.strftime("%A, %B %d, %Y", current_time))      # Monday, August 07, 2023
print(time.strftime("%I:%M %p", current_time))           # 10:30 AM
print(time.strftime("今天是%Y年的第%j天", current_time))  # 今天是2023年的第219天
# 常用格式符号：
formats = {
    "%Y": "4位数年份",
    "%y": "2位数年份", 
    "%m": "月份(01-12)",
    "%B": "月份全名",
    "%b": "月份缩写",
    "%d": "日期(01-31)",
    "%A": "星期全名",
    "%a": "星期缩写",
    "%H": "24小时制小时",
    "%I": "12小时制小时",
    "%M": "分钟",
    "%S": "秒",
    "%p": "AM/PM",
    "%j": "年份中的第几天"
}
# 不指定t参数，默认使用当前时间
print(time.strftime("%c"))  # 标准的日期时间格式
#Tue Nov 25 15:12:32 2025

timestamp = time.time()
print(f"当前时间戳：{timestamp}")#当前时间戳：1764055209.0236974

import time
# 不传参数，默认使用当前时间
local_time = time.localtime()
print(local_time)
# 输出：time.struct_time(tm_year=2025, tm_mon=11, tm_mday=25, tm_hour=15, tm_min=23, tm_sec=58, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=329, tm_isdst=0)
# 传入时间戳
specific_time = time.localtime(1633045320)
print(specific_time)
#time.struct_time(tm_year=2021, tm_mon=10, tm_mday=1, tm_hour=7, tm_min=42, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=274, tm_isdst=0)

from datetime import datetime
random_date=datetime.strptime('2025-10-10', '%Y-%m-%d')#内部存储为datetime对象
print(random_date)#2025-10-10 00:00:00
print(repr(random_date))#datetime.datetime(2025, 10, 10, 0, 0)

start = datetime.strptime("2020-01-01", "%Y-%m-%d")
print(start)#2020-01-01 00:00:00

>>> from datetime import datetime
>>> start = datetime.strptime("2020-01-01", "%Y-%m-%d")
>>> start
datetime.datetime(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0)  # 这是实际的repr表示

datetime.datetime(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0)

2020-01-01 00:00:00

from datetime import datetime
# 将字符串解析为datetime对象
random_date=datetime.strptime('2025-10-10', '%Y-%m-%d')
print(repr(random_date))#datetime.datetime(2025, 10, 10, 0, 0)
#datetime对象格式化为字符串
print(random_date.strftime('%Y-%m-%d'))#2025-10-10
# ----------------------------------------------------------------
#当前时间对象
now=datetime.now()
print(now)#2025-11-25 15:44:50.951160
print(now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))#2025-11-25 15:45:27
print(now.strftime("%Y年%m月%d日"))#2025年11月25日

from datetime import timedelta
# 创建时间间隔
td1 = timedelta(days=5)                    # 5天
td2 = timedelta(hours=3)                   # 3小时
td3 = timedelta(weeks=2, days=3)           # 2周3天 = 17天
td4 = timedelta(days=1, hours=2, minutes=30, seconds=15, microseconds=500)
print(td1)  # 5 days, 0:00:00
print(td3)  # 17 days, 0:00:00
print(td4)  # 1 day, 2:30:15.000500
# 访问属性
print(td4.days)#1
# 计算总时间（以不同单位）
print(f"总秒数: {td4.total_seconds()}")  # 198045.0
print(f"总分钟数: {td4.total_seconds() / 60}")  # 3300.75
print(f"总小时数: {td4.total_seconds() / 3600}")  # 55.0125
# 参数范围：
# weeks, days, hours, minutes, seconds
# milliseconds, microseconds
# 所有参数都是可选的，默认为0