Python文件管理之批量重命名文件详解

import os
import sys
import argparse
from datetime import datetime

class FileBatchRenamer:
    def __init__(self, directory):
        self.directory = directory
        self.rename_log = []
        
    def check_directory(self):
        """检查目录是否存在"""
        if not os.path.exists(self.directory):
            raise FileNotFoundError(f"目录 '{self.directory}' 不存在")
        if not os.path.isdir(self.directory):
            raise NotADirectoryError(f"'{self.directory}' 不是一个有效的目录")
            
    def get_files(self, extension=None, pattern=None):
        """获取符合条件的文件列表"""
        try:
            self.check_directory()
            files = os.listdir(self.directory)
            filtered_files = []
            
            for file in files:
                file_path = os.path.join(self.directory, file)
                # 只处理文件，不处理子目录
                if os.path.isfile(file_path):
                    # 根据扩展名过滤
                    if extension and not file.endswith(extension):
                        continue
                    # 根据模式过滤
                    if pattern and pattern not in file:
                        continue
                    filtered_files.append(file)
                    
            return sorted(filtered_files)
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"获取文件列表时出错: {e}")
            return []
            
    def preview_rename(self, files, naming_pattern, start_number=1):
        """预览重命名结果"""
        print("\n重命名预览:")
        print("-" * 50)
        rename_map = {}
        
        for i, filename in enumerate(files, start_number):
            name, ext = os.path.splitext(filename)
            new_name = naming_pattern.format(i) + ext
            rename_map[filename] = new_name
            print(f"{filename} -> {new_name}")
            
        return rename_map
        
    def execute_rename(self, rename_map):
        """执行重命名操作"""
        success_count = 0
        error_count = 0
        
        for old_name, new_name in rename_map.items():
            old_path = os.path.join(self.directory, old_name)
            new_path = os.path.join(self.directory, new_name)
            
            # 检查目标文件是否已存在
            if os.path.exists(new_path):
                print(f"警告: 文件 '{new_name}' 已存在，跳过 '{old_name}'")
                error_count += 1
                continue
                
            try:
                os.rename(old_path, new_path)
                self.rename_log.append((datetime.now(), old_name, new_name))
                print(f"成功重命名: {old_name} -> {new_name}")
                success_count += 1
            except PermissionError:
                print(f"权限错误: 无法重命名 '{old_name}'，请检查文件权限")
                error_count += 1
            except Exception as e:
                print(f"重命名 '{old_name}' 时出错: {e}")
                error_count += 1
                
        print(f"\n重命名完成! 成功: {success_count}, 失败: {error_count}")
        
    def save_log(self, log_file="rename_log.txt"):
        """保存操作日志"""
        try:
            with open(os.path.join(self.directory, log_file), "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
                f.write("文件批量重命名操作日志\n")
                f.write("=" * 50 + "\n")
                f.write(f"操作时间: {datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')}\n")
                f.write(f"操作目录: {self.directory}\n\n")
                
                for timestamp, old_name, new_name in self.rename_log:
                    f.write(f"[{timestamp.strftime('%H:%M:%S')}] {old_name} -> {new_name}\n")
                    
            print(f"操作日志已保存到: {log_file}")
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"保存日志时出错: {e}")

def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="文件批量重命名工具")
    parser.add_argument("directory", help="要处理的目录路径")
    parser.add_argument("-p", "--pattern", default="file_{:03d}", 
                       help="命名模式，使用 {:03d} 表示序号 (默认: file_{:03d})")
    parser.add_argument("-s", "--start", type=int, default=1, 
                       help="起始序号 (默认: 1)")
    parser.add_argument("-e", "--extension", 
                       help="文件扩展名过滤 (例如: .jpg)")
    parser.add_argument("--preview", action="store_true", 
                       help="仅预览，不执行实际重命名")
    
    args = parser.parse_args()
    
    try:
        renamer = FileBatchRenamer(args.directory)
        files = renamer.get_files(extension=args.extension)
        
        if not files:
            print("未找到符合条件的文件")
            return
            
        print(f"找到 {len(files)} 个文件")
        
        rename_map = renamer.preview_rename(files, args.pattern, args.start)
        
        if args.preview:
            print("\n预览模式，未执行实际重命名操作")
            return
            
        confirm = input("\n确认执行重命名操作? (y/N): ")
        if confirm.lower() == 'y':
            renamer.execute_rename(rename_map)
            renamer.save_log()
        else:
            print("操作已取消")
            
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"程序执行出错: {e}")
        sys.exit(1)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

# 基本用法，对目录中的所有文件按默认模式重命名
python batch_renamer.py /path/to/directory

# 指定命名模式
python batch_renamer.py /path/to/directory -p "photo_{:04d}"

# 指定起始序号
python batch_renamer.py /path/to/directory -s 100

# 只处理特定扩展名的文件
python batch_renamer.py /path/to/directory -e .jpg

# 预览模式（不实际执行重命名）
python batch_renamer.py /path/to/directory --preview

python batch_renamer.py ./test_dir -p "pic_{:02d}" -e .jpg