python serial模块使用方法

pip install pyserial

import serial
# 基础示例：打开 COM3，波特率 9600
ser = serial.Serial('COM3', 9600)

ser = serial.Serial(
    port='COM3',                    # Windows端口，Linux下如 '/dev/ttyUSB0'
    baudrate=9600,                 # 波特率
    bytesize=serial.EIGHTBITS,     # 数据位，默认为8
    parity=serial.PARITY_NONE,     # 校验位，默认为无
    stopbits=serial.STOPBITS_ONE,  # 停止位，默认为1
    timeout=1                      # 读超时时间（秒），None为阻塞读取，0为非阻塞
)

ser.write(b'Hello, World!')  # 发送字节数据
ser.write("Hello\r\n".encode('utf-8'))  # 将字符串编码为字节后发送

data = ser.read(10)           # 读取10个字节
line = ser.readline()          # 读取一行，直到换行符
bytes_waiting = ser.in_waiting # 获取接收缓冲区中的字节数

ser.close()

import serial.tools.list_ports
ports = serial.tools.list_ports.comports()
for port in ports:
    print(f"设备: {port.device}, 描述: {port.description}")

with serial.Serial('COM3', 9600, timeout=1) as ser:
    ser.write(b'AT\r\n')
    response = ser.readline()
    print(response.decode('utf-8'))

import threading
import time
def read_from_port(ser):
    while True:
        if ser.in_waiting > 0:
            data = ser.readline().decode('utf-8').strip()
            print(f"收到: {data}")
def main():
    ser = serial.Serial('COM3', 9600, timeout=1)
    read_thread = threading.Thread(target=read_from_port, args=(ser,))
    read_thread.daemon = True  # 设置为守护线程，主程序退出时自动结束
    read_thread.start()
    # 主线程可以处理发送或其他逻辑
    while True:
        message = input("输入要发送的消息 (输入quit退出): ")
        if message.lower() == 'quit':
            break
        ser.write((message + '\r\n').encode('utf-8'))
    ser.close()

import serial
import serial.tools.list_ports
def list_available_ports():
    """列出所有可用串口"""
    ports = serial.tools.list_ports.comports()
    if not ports:
        print("未找到可用串口设备。")
        return None
    print("可用串口设备：")
    for idx, port in enumerate(ports):
        print(f"  [{idx}] {port.device} - {port.description}")
    return ports
def main():
    # 1. 列出并选择端口
    available_ports = list_available_ports()
    if not available_ports:
        return
    port_index = int(input("请选择要打开的串口编号: "))
    selected_port = available_ports[port_index].device
    # 2. 配置并打开串口
    try:
        with serial.Serial(
            port=selected_port,
            baudrate=9600,
            bytesize=serial.EIGHTBITS,
            parity=serial.PARITY_NONE,
            stopbits=serial.STOPBITS_ONE,
            timeout=2  # 设置读取超时为2秒
        ) as ser:
            print(f"串口 {ser.name} 已成功打开。")
            # 3. 发送数据
            send_data = b'Hello from Python!\r\n'
            ser.write(send_data)
            print(f"已发送: {send_data.decode('utf-8', errors='ignore').strip()}")
            # 4. 尝试读取数据
            if ser.in_waiting:
                received_data = ser.read(ser.in_waiting)
                print(f"接收到原始数据: {received_data}")
                try:
                    print(f"解码后: {received_data.decode('utf-8')}")
                except UnicodeDecodeError:
                    print("数据无法用UTF-8解码，可能为二进制数据。")
            else:
                print("未接收到数据。")
    except serial.SerialException as e:
        print(f"串口操作出错: {e}")
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        print("\n程序被用户中断。")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"发生未知错误: {e}")
if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()