Python发送HTTP请求的不同方式与参数差别详解

import requests

# 基本GET请求
response = requests.get('https://api.example.com/users')

# 带查询参数的GET请求
params = {
    'page': 2,
    'limit': 10,
    'search': 'python'
}
response = requests.get('https://api.example.com/users', params=params)

# 最终请求的URL会是：https://api.example.com/users?page=2&limit=10&search=python
print(response.url)

import requests

# 提交表单数据
form_data = {
    'username': 'john_doe',
    'email': 'john@example.com'
}
response = requests.post('https://api.example.com/register', data=form_data)

# 提交JSON数据（现代API常用）
json_data = {
    'product': 'laptop',
    'price': 999.99,
    'features': ['16GB RAM', '512GB SSD']
}
response = requests.post('https://api.example.com/products', json=json_data)

# PUT - 更新/替换整个资源
requests.put('https://api.example.com/users/123', json={'name': 'new_name'})

# PATCH - 部分更新资源
requests.patch('https://api.example.com/users/123', json={'email': 'new@email.com'})

# DELETE - 删除资源
requests.delete('https://api.example.com/users/123')

# 在URL中传递
requests.get('https://api.example.com/search?q=python&sort=newest')

# 或使用params参数（推荐）
params = {'q': 'python', 'sort': 'newest'}
requests.get('https://api.example.com/search', params=params)

# 类似HTML表单提交
form_data = {'username': 'user', 'password': 'pass'}
requests.post(url, data=form_data)

# 现代API最常用的方式
json_data = {'name': 'John', 'age': 30}
requests.post(url, json=json_data)
# 注意：使用json参数会自动设置Content-Type为application/json

import requests

def create_user(user_data):
    url = 'https://api.example.com/users'
    
    try:
        # 使用POST发送JSON数据
        response = requests.post(url, json=user_data, timeout=10)
        
        # 检查请求是否成功
        response.raise_for_status()
        
        # 解析JSON响应
        result = response.json()
        print(f"用户创建成功！用户ID: {result['id']}")
        return result
        
    except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
        print(f"创建用户失败: {e}")
        return None

# 使用函数
new_user = {
    'name': '张三',
    'email': 'zhangsan@example.com',
    'role': 'admin'
}
create_user(new_user)

if response.status_code == 200:
    print("成功!")
elif response.status_code == 404:
    print("资源未找到")