Python使用urllib和requests发送HTTP请求的方法详解

import urllib.request

# 发送一个简单的GET请求
response = urllib.request.urlopen('https://www.example.com')
print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))  # 读取并解码响应内容

pip install requests

import requests

# 1. 简单的GET请求（获取信息）
response = requests.get('https://api.github.com')
print(f"状态码: {response.status_code}")  # 200表示成功
print(response.text)  # 获取网页内容

# 2. 带参数的GET请求（像在搜索框里输入内容）
params = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
response = requests.get('https://httpbin.org/get', params=params)
print(response.url)  # 查看实际请求的URL

# 3. POST请求（提交信息，像填写表单）
data = {'username': 'user', 'password': 'pass'}
response = requests.post('https://httpbin.org/post', data=data)
print(response.json())  # 以JSON格式查看响应

# 4. 自定义请求头（像添加特别说明）
headers = {'User-Agent': 'My-Python-App/1.0'}
response = requests.get('https://httpbin.org/user-agent', headers=headers)
print(response.text)

import requests

def get_weather(city):
    # 使用一个免费的天气API（实际使用需要申请API密钥）
    api_key = "你的API密钥"
    url = f"http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q={city}&appid={api_key}"
    
    try:
        response = requests.get(url, timeout=5)  # 5秒超时
        response.raise_for_status()  # 如果请求失败会抛出异常
        
        weather_data = response.json()
        print(f"{city}的天气: {weather_data['weather'][0]['description']}")
        print(f"温度: {weather_data['main']['temp']}K")
        
    except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
        print(f"获取天气信息失败: {e}")

# 使用函数
get_weather('Beijing')

requests.get(url, timeout=5)

try:
    response = requests.get(url)
    response.raise_for_status()
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
    print(f"请求出错: {e}")

data = response.json()