Python Playwright库从入门到实战教程

# 安装核心库
pip install playwright

# 下载浏览器二进制文件（自动识别系统环境）
python -m playwright install

# 安装Pytest插件（可选）
pip install pytest-playwright

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

with sync_playwright() as p:
    browser = p.chromium.launch()
    page = browser.new_page()
    page.goto("https://playwright.dev")
    print(page.title())  # 应输出 "Playwright"
    browser.close()

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

with sync_playwright() as p:
    # 启动浏览器（有头模式便于调试）
    browser = p.chromium.launch(headless=False)
    
    # 创建新上下文（隔离环境）
    context = browser.new_context()
    
    # 打开页面
    page = context.new_page()
    
    # 基础操作示例
    page.goto("https://baidu.com")
    page.fill("input[name=wd]", "Playwright教程")
    page.click("text=百度一下")
    
    # 截图保存
    page.screenshot(path="search_result.png")
    
    # 关闭资源
    context.close()
    browser.close()

# 文本选择器（推荐）
page.click("text=立即购买")

# CSS选择器
page.fill(".search-box", "关键词")

# XPath选择器
page.click('//button[@id="submit"]')

# 响应式选择器（自动适配移动端）
page.locator("button:visible").click()

def test_api_mock():
    with sync_playwright() as p:
        browser = p.chromium.launch()
        page = browser.new_page()
        
        # 启用请求拦截
        page.route("**/api/data", lambda route: route.fulfill(
            status=200,
            json={"message": "Custom Response"}
        ))
        
        page.goto("https://example.com")
        assert page.locator(".data-display").text_content() == "Custom Response"
        
        browser.close()

def test_mobile_view():
    with sync_playwright() as p:
        iphone = p.devices['iPhone 12']
        browser = p.chromium.launch()
        
        # 创建移动设备上下文
        context = browser.new_context(
            **iphone,
            locale='zh-CN',
            timezone_id='Asia/Shanghai'
        )
        
        page = context.new_page()
        page.goto("https://m.taobao.com")
        page.screenshot(path="mobile_view.png")
        
        context.close()
        browser.close()

import asyncio
from playwright.async_api import async_playwright

async def main():
    async with async_playwright() as p:
        browser = await p.chromium.launch()
        page = await browser.new_page()
        await page.goto("https://example.com")
        await browser.close()

asyncio.run(main())

# pytest_playwright示例
import pytest

@pytest.fixture(scope="function")
def browser():
    pw = sync_playwright().start()
    browser = pw.chromium.launch()
    yield browser
    browser.close()

def test_search(browser):
    page = browser.new_page()
    page.goto("https://bing.com")
    page.fill("input[name=q]", "Playwright最佳实践")
    page.click("text=搜索")
    assert "Playwright最佳实践" in page.content()

# 日志记录配置
import logging
logging.basicConfig(
    level=logging.DEBUG,
    format='%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s'
)

# 截图辅助调试
try:
    page.click("#submit")
except Exception as e:
    page.screenshot(path="error_debug.png")
    raise e

# 并行执行配置（pytest.ini）
[pytest]
addopts = -n auto

# 资源复用
def test_parallel():
    with sync_playwright() as p:
        contexts = []
        for _ in range(10):
            contexts.append(p.chromium.launch().new_context())
        # 并行执行测试...

sudo chown -R $USER ~/.cache/playwright

# 增加等待时间
page.wait_for_selector(".target-element")

# 使用更鲁棒的选择器
page.locator("text=立即购买 >> nth=0").click()

context = browser.new_context(
    storage_state="auth_state.json"
)
# 或手动输入凭证
page.fill("#username", "admin")
page.fill("#password", "123456")
page.click("#login")