从基础到高级技巧详解Python openpyxl设置Excel边框的完全指南

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Border, Side

# 创建工作簿和工作表
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active

# 1. 定义"边" (Side)
# style='thin' 表示细边框, color='000000' 表示黑色
thin_side = Side(border_style="thin", color="000000")

# 2. 定义"框" (Border)
# 将上下左右都设置为上面定义的样式
my_border = Border(left=thin_side, 
                   right=thin_side, 
                   top=thin_side, 
                   bottom=thin_side)

# 3. 应用到单元格
ws['A1'].value = "Hello Border"
ws['A1'].border = my_border

# 保存文件
wb.save("border_demo.xlsx")

from openpyxl.styles import Border, Side

# 定义粗红边
thick_red_side = Side(border_style="thick", color="FF0000")
red_border = Border(left=thick_red_side, 
                    right=thick_red_side, 
                    top=thick_red_side, 
                    bottom=thick_red_side)

ws['B2'].border = red_border

# 顶部和左右是细线，底部是粗线
thin_side = Side(border_style="thin", color="000000")
thick_side = Side(border_style="thick", color="000000")

mixed_border = Border(left=thin_side, 
                      right=thin_side, 
                      top=thin_side, 
                      bottom=thick_side) # 底部不同

ws['C3'].border = mixed_border

def set_border_for_range(ws, cell_range, border_style):
    """
    为指定区域设置边框
    :param ws: Worksheet对象
    :param cell_range: 单元格区域字符串，如 "A1:D5"
    :param border_style: Border对象
    """
    rows = ws[cell_range]
    for row in rows:
        for cell in row:
            cell.border = border_style

# 使用示例
my_border = Border(left=Side(style='thin'), 
                   right=Side(style='thin'), 
                   top=Side(style='thin'), 
                   bottom=Side(style='thin'))

set_border_for_range(ws, "A5:E10", my_border)

double_side = Side(border_style="double", color="000000")
total_border = Border(top=Side(style='thin'), bottom=double_side)
ws['D12'].border = total_border  # 典型的会计合计样式

def border_factory(style='thin', color='000000', sides='all'):
    """
    快速生成Border对象
    :param sides: 'all', 'top_bottom', 'left_right', 或自定义列表 ['top', 'left']
    """
    side = Side(border_style=style, color=color)
    
    kwargs = {}
    if sides == 'all':
        target_sides = ['left', 'right', 'top', 'bottom']
    elif sides == 'top_bottom':
        target_sides = ['top', 'bottom']
    elif sides == 'left_right':
        target_sides = ['left', 'right']
    else:
        target_sides = sides
        
    for s in target_sides:
        kwargs[s] = side
        
    return Border(**kwargs)

# 使用
ws['A1'].border = border_factory(style='medium', color='0000FF')

data = [85, 92, 58, 77, 45]
red_box = border_factory(style='medium', color='FF0000')

for i, score in enumerate(data, start=1):
    cell = ws.cell(row=i, column=1, value=score)
    if score < 60:
        cell.border = red_box

# ✅ 推荐做法：只创建一个对象
common_border = Border(left=Side(style='thin'), right=Side(style='thin'), ...)

for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_row=10000):
    for cell in row:
        cell.border = common_border

# ❌ 不推荐做法：每次循环都创建新对象
for row in ws.iter_rows(...):
    for cell in row:
        # 这样会创建数万个Side和Border实例，极其浪费
        cell.border = Border(left=Side(style='thin')...)

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Border, Side, PatternFill, Font

def set_outer_border(ws, cell_range, style='thick'):
    """给整个区域的外围画框，内部不画"""
    rows = list(ws[cell_range])
    side = Side(border_style=style)
    
    # 第一行设上边框，最后一行设下边框
    for cell in rows[0]:
        cell.border = cell.border + Border(top=side)
    for cell in rows[-1]:
        cell.border = cell.border + Border(bottom=side)
        
    # 第一列设左边框，最后一列设右边框
    for row in rows:
        row[0].border = row[0].border + Border(left=side)
        row[-1].border = row[-1].border + Border(right=side)

wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active

# 模拟数据
data = [
    ["姓名", "部门", "销售额"],
    ["张三", "销售一部", 5000],
    ["李四", "销售二部", 7000],
    ["王五", "销售一部", 6200],
]

# 写入数据
for row in data:
    ws.append(row)

# 1. 基础全细边框
thin_border = Border(left=Side(style='thin'), 
                     right=Side(style='thin'), 
                     top=Side(style='thin'), 
                     bottom=Side(style='thin'))

for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_row=4, min_col=1, max_col=3):
    for cell in row:
        cell.border = thin_border

# 2. 表头美化（底色 + 粗底边）
header_fill = PatternFill(start_color="DDDDDD", end_color="DDDDDD", fill_type="solid")
header_bottom_border = Border(left=Side(style='thin'), 
                              right=Side(style='thin'), 
                              top=Side(style='thin'), 
                              bottom=Side(style='thick')) # 表头下边缘加粗

for cell in ws[1]:
    cell.fill = header_fill
    cell.font = Font(bold=True)
    # 注意：直接赋值会覆盖上面的全细边框，所以这里重新定义了完整的Border
    cell.border = header_bottom_border

# 3. 给整个表格加一个粗外框
set_outer_border(ws, "A1:C4", style="thick")

wb.save("professional_table.xlsx")