Python移动文件到新文件夹的完整指南与实用技巧

import shutil
import os

def move_file(source_path, target_path):
    """移动单个文件到目标路径"""
    try:
        shutil.move(source_path, target_path)
        print(f"成功移动: {source_path} -> {target_path}")
        return True
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"移动失败 {source_path}: {str(e)}")
        return False

# 使用示例
move_file("source.txt", "backup/source.txt")

import os
import shutil

def batch_move_files(source_folder, target_folder):
    """批量移动文件夹内所有文件到新文件夹"""
    # 创建目标文件夹（如果不存在）
    os.makedirs(target_folder, exist_ok=True)
    
    # 遍历源文件夹
    for filename in os.listdir(source_folder):
        source_path = os.path.join(source_folder, filename)
        target_path = os.path.join(target_folder, filename)
        
        # 跳过子目录，只处理文件
        if os.path.isfile(source_path):
            move_file(source_path, target_path)

# 使用示例
batch_move_files("downloads", "organized_files")

import os
import shutil
from datetime import datetime

def enhanced_batch_move(source_folder, target_folder):
    """增强版批量移动（带日志和错误处理）"""
    os.makedirs(target_folder, exist_ok=True)
    log_file = os.path.join(target_folder, f"move_log_{datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d_%H%M%S')}.txt")
    
    with open(log_file, 'w') as log:
        for filename in os.listdir(source_folder):
            source_path = os.path.join(source_folder, filename)
            target_path = os.path.join(target_folder, filename)
            
            try:
                if os.path.isfile(source_path):
                    shutil.move(source_path, target_path)
                    log.write(f"SUCCESS: {filename}\n")
                else:
                    log.write(f"SKIPPED (not file): {filename}\n")
            except Exception as e:
                log.write(f"ERROR {filename}: {str(e)}\n")
        
        log.write("\n=== 移动操作完成 ===\n")
    
    print(f"操作完成，日志已保存到: {log_file}")

# 使用示例
enhanced_batch_move("raw_data", "processed_data")

def move_by_extension(source_folder, target_base_folder, extensions):
    """按扩展名分类移动文件"""
    for ext in extensions:
        ext_folder = os.path.join(target_base_folder, ext.lower().strip("."))
        os.makedirs(ext_folder, exist_ok=True)
        
        for filename in os.listdir(source_folder):
            if filename.lower().endswith(ext):
                source_path = os.path.join(source_folder, filename)
                target_path = os.path.join(ext_folder, filename)
                move_file(source_path, target_path)

# 使用示例：将图片和文档分开
move_by_extension("downloads", "organized", [".jpg", ".png", ".pdf", ".docx"])

def move_recent_files(source_folder, target_folder, days=7):
    """移动最近N天内修改的文件"""
    import time
    from datetime import datetime, timedelta
    
    os.makedirs(target_folder, exist_ok=True)
    cutoff_time = time.time() - (days * 24 * 60 * 60)
    
    for filename in os.listdir(source_folder):
        source_path = os.path.join(source_folder, filename)
        if os.path.isfile(source_path):
            file_mtime = os.path.getmtime(source_path)
            if file_mtime >= cutoff_time:
                target_path = os.path.join(target_folder, filename)
                move_file(source_path, target_path)

# 使用示例：移动最近7天修改的文件
move_recent_files("project_files", "recent_files", 7)

def move_large_files_with_progress(source_path, target_path):
    """移动大文件并显示进度条"""
    from tqdm import tqdm
    import shutil
    
    file_size = os.path.getsize(source_path)
    with tqdm(total=file_size, unit='iB', unit_scale=True) as pbar:
        def update_progress(bytes_copied):
            pbar.update(bytes_copied - pbar.n)
        
        shutil.copy2(source_path, target_path)  # 先复制
        update_progress(file_size)  # 模拟进度更新（实际需要更复杂的实现）
        os.remove(source_path)  # 然后删除源文件

# 更完善的实现建议使用第三方库如 `filesplit` 或自定义进度跟踪

if not os.access(source_path, os.R_OK):
    print(f"错误：无读取权限 {source_path}")
if not os.access(os.path.dirname(target_path), os.W_OK):
    print(f"错误：无写入权限 {target_path}")

if os.path.exists(target_path):
    base, ext = os.path.splitext(filename)
    counter = 1
    while True:
        new_filename = f"{base}_{counter}{ext}"
        new_target = os.path.join(target_folder, new_filename)
        if not os.path.exists(new_target):
            target_path = new_target
            break
        counter += 1

import os
import shutil
import argparse
from datetime import datetime

class FileOrganizer:
    def __init__(self, source, target):
        self.source = os.path.abspath(source)
        self.target = os.path.abspath(target)
        self.log_path = os.path.join(self.target, "organization_log.txt")
        
    def initialize(self):
        os.makedirs(self.target, exist_ok=True)
        with open(self.log_path, 'w') as f:
            f.write(f"文件整理日志 - 开始于 {datetime.now()}\n\n")
    
    def log_action(self, message):
        with open(self.log_path, 'a') as f:
            f.write(f"{datetime.now()} - {message}\n")
    
    def organize_by_extension(self):
        self.log_action("开始按扩展名分类...")
        extensions = {}
        
        # 扫描并分类
        for filename in os.listdir(self.source):
            file_path = os.path.join(self.source, filename)
            if os.path.isfile(file_path):
                _, ext = os.path.splitext(filename)
                ext = ext.lower()
                if ext not in extensions:
                    extensions[ext] = []
                extensions[ext].append(filename)
        
        # 创建文件夹并移动
        for ext, files in extensions.items():
            if not ext:  # 无扩展名文件
                continue
                
            ext_folder = os.path.join(self.target, ext[1:])  # 去掉点
            os.makedirs(ext_folder, exist_ok=True)
            
            for filename in files:
                src = os.path.join(self.source, filename)
                dst = os.path.join(ext_folder, filename)
                try:
                    shutil.move(src, dst)
                    self.log_action(f"移动: {filename} -> {ext[1:]}/")
                except Exception as e:
                    self.log_action(f"错误 {filename}: {str(e)}")
    
    def finalize(self):
        self.log_action("\n整理完成！")
        print(f"文件整理完成！详细日志请查看: {self.log_path}")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='智能文件整理器')
    parser.add_argument('source', help='源文件夹路径')
    parser.add_argument('target', help='目标文件夹路径')
    args = parser.parse_args()
    
    organizer = FileOrganizer(args.source, args.target)
    organizer.initialize()
    organizer.organize_by_extension()
    organizer.finalize()