python实现http post四种请求体详解

pip install requests

# 方法一：使用内置库 urllib（Python 3）
import urllib.parse
import urllib.request
url = "http://httpbin.org/post"
data = {"package": "com.tencent.lian", "version_code": "66"}
# 将字典编码为application/x-www-form-urlencoded格式
encoded_data = urllib.parse.urlencode(data).encode('utf-8')
req = urllib.request.Request(url, data=encoded_data, method='POST')
# 设置Content-Type头（可选，urllib会根据data类型自动设置）
req.add_header('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded')
with urllib.request.urlopen(req) as response:
    print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))
# 方法二（推荐）：使用 requests 库
import requests
response = requests.post(url, data=data)  # 使用data参数
print(response.json())

# 方法一：使用requests（推荐）
import requests
url = "http://httpbin.org/post"
# 普通字段
data = {"package": "com.tencent.lian", "version_code": "66"}
# 文件字段
files = {
    'file': ('report.txt', open('report.txt', 'rb'), 'text/plain')
}
response = requests.post(url, data=data, files=files)  # files参数自动处理multipart
print(response.json())
# 方法二：使用poster模块（Python 2遗留方案，Python 3需适配）
# 注：poster模块可能不支持Python 3，此处仅作参考
# from poster.encode import multipart_encode
# from poster.streaminghttp import register_openers
# register_openers()
# datagen, headers = multipart_encode(data)
# req = urllib2.Request(url, datagen, headers)

import json
import requests
url = "http://httpbin.org/post"
data = {"package": "com.tencent.lian", "version_code": "66"}
# 使用requests（自动设置Content-Type为application/json）
response = requests.post(url, json=data)  # 使用json参数
print(response.json())
# 使用urllib（手动编码）
json_data = json.dumps(data).encode('utf-8')
req = urllib.request.Request(url, data=json_data, method='POST')
req.add_header('Content-Type', 'application/json')
with urllib.request.urlopen(req) as resp:
    print(resp.read().decode('utf-8'))

import requests
url = "http://httpbin.org/post"
# 构建XML数据
xml_data = """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<request>
    <package>com.tencent.lian</package>
    <version_code>66</version_code>
</request>"""
headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/xml'}  # 或text/xml
response = requests.post(url, data=xml_data.encode('utf-8'), headers=headers)
print(response.text)