Python邮件自动化实战之发送附件和智能处理收件箱

import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email import encoders
from email.utils import formataddr

# 邮件配置
SMTP_SERVER = 'smtp.qq.com'
SMTP_PORT = 587  # TLS端口
SENDER_EMAIL = 'your_qq@qq.com'
SENDER_PWD = '你的授权码'  # QQ邮箱需使用授权码，非登录密码

def send_email_with_attachment(receiver, subject, html_content, attachment_path):
    """
    发送带附件的HTML邮件
    """
    # 创建一个混合类型的邮件对象
    msg = MIMEMultipart()
    msg['From'] = formataddr(('自动化发送者', SENDER_EMAIL))
    msg['To'] = receiver
    msg['Subject'] = subject

    # 1. 添加HTML正文
    msg.attach(MIMEText(html_content, 'html', 'utf-8'))

    # 2. 处理附件
    try:
        with open(attachment_path, 'rb') as f:
            # 创建附件对象 (MIMEBase)
            part = MIMEBase('application', 'octet-stream')
            part.set_payload(f.read())
            # 编码为Base64
            encoders.encode_base64(part)
            # 添加头部信息，声明此为附件
            filename = attachment_path.split('/')[-1]  # 获取文件名
            part.add_header(
                'Content-Disposition',
                f'attachment; filename="{filename}"'
            )
            msg.attach(part)
    except FileNotFoundError:
        print(f"附件 {attachment_path} 未找到，邮件将无附件发送。")

    # 3. 发送邮件
    try:
        server = smtplib.SMTP(SMTP_SERVER, SMTP_PORT)
        server.starttls()  # 启用TLS加密
        server.login(SENDER_EMAIL, SENDER_PWD)
        server.sendmail(SENDER_EMAIL, receiver, msg.as_string())
        server.quit()
        print(f"邮件发送成功至 {receiver}")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"发送失败: {e}")

# 使用示例
if __name__ == '__main__':
    html_body = """
    <h2>月度数据报告</h2>
    <p>您好，</p>
    <p>本月销售数据请见附件。</p>
    <p><strong>请注意：</strong> 此邮件由系统自动发送，请勿回复。</p>
    """
    send_email_with_attachment(
        receiver='target@example.com',
        subject='【自动化】2024年5月销售报表',
        html_content=html_body,
        attachment_path='./report.xlsx'  # 假设当前目录有该文件
    )

pip install imap-tools

from imap_tools import MailBox

# 连接IMAP服务器（QQ邮箱IMAP地址：imap.qq.com）
with MailBox('imap.qq.com').login('your_qq@qq.com', '你的授权码', initial_folder='INBOX') as mailbox:
    print("登录成功，当前文件夹：收件箱")
    # 后续操作...

from imap_tools import MailBox, AND, OR, NOT

with MailBox('imap.qq.com').login('your_qq@qq.com', '授权码', 'INBOX') as mailbox:
    
    # 1. 查询未读邮件
    unread_emails = mailbox.fetch(AND(seen=False))
    
    # 2. 查询特定发件人且包含附件的邮件
    specific_emails = mailbox.fetch(AND(from_='boss@company.com', subject='报告'))
    
    # 3. 复杂查询：来自某个域，或者是紧急邮件
    complex_query = OR(
        from_='@important.com',
        subject='URGENT'
    )
    for msg in mailbox.fetch(complex_query):
        print(msg.subject)
    
    # 4. 日期范围查询：近3天的邮件
    from datetime import date, timedelta
    three_days_ago = date.today() - timedelta(days=3)
    recent_mails = mailbox.fetch(AND(date_gte=three_days_ago))

import os
from imap_tools import MailBox, AND

DOWNLOAD_DIR = './attachments'

def download_attachments_from_inbox():
    # 确保下载目录存在
    os.makedirs(DOWNLOAD_DIR, exist_ok=True)
    
    with MailBox('imap.qq.com').login('your_qq@qq.com', '授权码', 'INBOX') as mailbox:
        # 获取所有未读邮件
        # fetch 返回一个生成器，支持分页和排序，这里设置 reverse=True 让最新的邮件先出现
        for msg in mailbox.fetch(AND(seen=False), reverse=True, limit=50):  # 限制处理50封，防止过载
            print(f"处理邮件: {msg.subject} 来自: {msg.from_}")
            
            # 检查是否有附件
            if msg.attachments:
                for att in msg.attachments:
                    # att 是 MailAttachment 对象
                    filename = att.filename
                    # 可以按文件类型过滤
                    if filename.endswith(('.xlsx', '.pdf', '.docx')):
                        file_path = os.path.join(DOWNLOAD_DIR, filename)
                        # att.payload 是附件的二进制数据 (bytes)
                        with open(file_path, 'wb') as f:
                            f.write(att.payload)
                        print(f"  已下载附件: {filename}")
                
                # 处理完后，可以将邮件标记为已读（默认fetch时mark_seen=True），或移动到其他文件夹
                # 将邮件移动到 "Processed" 文件夹
                mailbox.move([msg.uid], 'PROCESSED')
            else:
                # 无附件邮件，直接标记为已读，也可以不做任何操作
                # 如果不希望在fetch时自动标记已读，可以在fetch参数中设置 mark_seen=False
                pass

if __name__ == '__main__':
    download_attachments_from_inbox()

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from imap_tools import MailBox, AND

# 发送函数 (简化版)
def send_reply(to_addr, original_subject):
    smtp_server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.qq.com', 587)
    smtp_server.starttls()
    smtp_server.login('your_qq@qq.com', '授权码')
    
    msg = MIMEText('感谢您的来信，我们已经收到您的请求，会尽快处理。', 'plain', 'utf-8')
    msg['From'] = 'your_qq@qq.com'
    msg['To'] = to_addr
    msg['Subject'] = f'RE: {original_subject} [自动回复]'
    
    smtp_server.send_message(msg)
    smtp_server.quit()

# 主监控逻辑
def auto_responder():
    with MailBox('imap.qq.com').login('your_qq@qq.com', '授权码', 'INBOX') as inbox:
        # 查找未读的、主题包含"咨询"的邮件
        for msg in inbox.fetch(AND(seen=False, subject='咨询')):
            # 发送自动回复
            send_reply(msg.from_, msg.subject)
            print(f"已回复: {msg.from_}")
            
            # 标记为已读并添加自定义标志
            inbox.flag([msg.uid], ['ANSWERED'], True)