Ubuntu安装PySide6开发桌面应用实践

sudo apt update
sudo apt install python3-pip

pip3   install PySide6
error: externally-managed-environment

× This environment is externally managed
╰─> To install Python packages system-wide, try apt install
    python3-xyz, where xyz is the package you are trying to
    install.

    If you wish to install a non-Debian-packaged Python package,
    create a virtual environment using python3 -m venv path/to/venv.
    Then use path/to/venv/bin/python and path/to/venv/bin/pip. Make
    sure you have python3-full installed.

    If you wish to install a non-Debian packaged Python application,
    it may be easiest to use pipx install xyz, which will manage a
    virtual environment for you. Make sure you have pipx installed.

    See /usr/share/doc/python3.12/README.venv for more information.

note: If you believe this is a mistake, please contact your Python installation or OS distribution provider. You can override this, at the risk of breaking your Python installation or OS, by passing --break-system-packages.
hint: See PEP 668 for the detailed specification.

# 1. 创建虚拟环境（指定存放路径，比如 ~/pyside6_venv）
python3 -m venv ~/pyside6_venv
# 2. 激活虚拟环境（每次使用前都需要执行）
source ~/pyside6_venv/bin/activate

sudo apt install python3.12-venv  -y

pip install PySide6
Collecting PySide6
  Downloading pyside6-6.10.2-cp39-abi3-manylinux_2_34_x86_64.whl.metadata (5.3 kB)
Collecting shiboken6==6.10.2 (from PySide6)
  Downloading shiboken6-6.10.2-cp39-abi3-manylinux_2_34_x86_64.whl.metadata (2.5 kB)
Collecting PySide6_Essentials==6.10.2 (from PySide6)
  Downloading pyside6_essentials-6.10.2-cp39-abi3-manylinux_2_34_x86_64.whl.metadata (3.7 kB)
Collecting PySide6_Addons==6.10.2 (from PySide6)
  Downloading pyside6_addons-6.10.2-cp39-abi3-manylinux_2_34_x86_64.whl.metadata (4.0 kB)
Downloading pyside6-6.10.2-cp39-abi3-manylinux_2_34_x86_64.whl (563 kB)
   ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 563.4/563.4 kB 979.5 kB/s eta 0:00:00
Downloading pyside6_addons-6.10.2-cp39-abi3-manylinux_2_34_x86_64.whl (170.7 MB)
   ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 170.7/170.7 MB 172.0 kB/s eta 0:00:00
Downloading pyside6_essentials-6.10.2-cp39-abi3-manylinux_2_34_x86_64.whl (77.0 MB)
   ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 77.0/77.0 MB 136.9 kB/s eta 0:00:00
Downloading shiboken6-6.10.2-cp39-abi3-manylinux_2_34_x86_64.whl (273 kB)
   ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 273.1/273.1 kB 26.2 kB/s eta 0:00:00
Installing collected packages: shiboken6, PySide6_Essentials, PySide6_Addons, PySide6
Successfully installed PySide6-6.10.2 PySide6_Addons-6.10.2 PySide6_Essentials-6.10.2 shiboken6-6.10.2

# 在 WSL 终端执行
wsl --version  # 查看版本，确保有 WSLg 相关信息
wsl -l -v      # 检查 Ubuntu 发行版的版本是 2

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y libx11-6 libxcb1 libxkbcommon-x11-0 libgl1-mesa-glx

E: Package 'libgl1-mesa-glx' has no installation candidate

sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y \
    python3-pip \
    python3-venv \
    libx11-6 \
    libxcb1 \
    libxkbcommon-x11-0 \
    libgl1 \
    libgl1-mesa-dri \
    libqt6gui6 \
    libqt6core6 \
    libqt6widgets6

sudo apt install -y x11-apps
xeyes  # 运行后会在 Windows 桌面弹出一个眼睛跟随鼠标的窗口，说明 GUI 配置成功

import sys
from PySide6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QLabel, QPushButton, QVBoxLayout, QWidget

class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.setWindowTitle("WSL PySide6 测试")
        self.setFixedSize(400, 200)
        
        central = QWidget()
        self.setCentralWidget(central)
        layout = QVBoxLayout(central)
        
        self.label = QLabel("Hello WSL + PySide6!")
        layout.addWidget(self.label)
        
        btn = QPushButton("点击我")
        btn.clicked.connect(lambda: self.label.setText("Windows 显示 WSL 窗口！"))
        layout.addWidget(btn)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    win = MainWindow()
    win.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec())