Python实现获取本机网卡的MAC地址,IP地址和路由表

>>> import uuid
>>> address = hex(uuid.getnode())[2:]
>>> '-'.join(address[i:i+2] for i in range(0, len(address), 2))
'f0-03-8c-09-8c-34'

from psutil import net_if_addrs
for k, v in net_if_addrs().items():
    for item in v:
        address = item[1]
        if '-' in address and len(address)==17:
            print(address)

>>> import socket
>>> hostname = socket.gethostname()
>>> hostname
'DESKTOP-I734J3O'
>>> socket.gethostbyname(hostname)
'192.168.0.103'

>>> addrs = socket.getaddrinfo(hostname,None)
>>> for item in addrs:
     print(item)
(, 0, 0, '', ('fe80::b976:b065:27d:3747%10', 0, 0, 10))
(, 0, 0, '', ('fe80::1456:951:2418:27cf%7', 0, 0, 7))
(, 0, 0, '', ('192.168.0.103', 0))
(, 0, 0, '', ('2001:0:9d38:6ab8:1456:951:2418:27cf', 0, 0, 0))

>>> [item[4][0] for item in addrs if ':' not in item[4][0]][0]
'192.168.0.103'

import os
from socket import gethostbyname, gethostname

host = gethostbyname(gethostname())

os.system('arp -a > temp.txt')
with open('temp.txt') as fp:
    for line in fp:
        line = line.split()[:2]
        if line and\
           line[0].startswith(host[:4]) and\
           (not line[0].endswith('255')):
            print(':'.join(line))

pip install psutil netifaces

import psutil
def get_network_interfaces():
    """获取所有网卡的 MAC 地址和 IPv4 地址"""
    interfaces = {}
    for iface, addrs in psutil.net_if_addrs().items():
        # 跳过虚拟、回环等无用网卡（可根据需要调整）
        if iface.startswith(('lo', 'Loopback', 'vEthernet', 'docker', 'vboxnet')):
            continue
        mac = None
        ipv4 = None
        for addr in addrs:
            if addr.family == psutil.AF_LINK:   # MAC 地址
                mac = addr.address
            elif addr.family == socket.AF_INET: # IPv4 地址
                ipv4 = addr.address
        if mac or ipv4:
            interfaces[iface] = {'mac': mac, 'ipv4': ipv4}
    return interfaces
if __name__ == '__main__':
    import socket
    for name, info in get_network_interfaces().items():
        print(f"网卡: {name}")
        print(f"  MAC地址: {info['mac']}")
        print(f"  IPv4地址: {info['ipv4']}")

import netifaces
def get_gateways():
    """获取默认网关"""
    gateways = netifaces.gateways()
    default = gateways['default']
    print("默认网关:")
    for family, (gw, iface) in default.items():
        print(f"  协议: {family}, 网关: {gw}, 网卡: {iface}")
def get_routing_table():
    """获取路由表（Linux/Unix 使用 /proc/net/route，Windows 调用 route print）"""
    import platform
    import subprocess
    system = platform.system()
    if system == 'Linux':
        # 解析 /proc/net/route
        with open('/proc/net/route', 'r') as f:
            lines = f.readlines()[1:]  # 跳过标题行
            print("路由表 (Linux):")
            for line in lines:
                parts = line.strip().split()
                if len(parts) >= 4:
                    iface = parts[0]
                    dest = int(parts[1], 16)
                    gateway = int(parts[2], 16)
                    # 转换 IP 格式
                    import socket, struct
                    dest_ip = socket.inet_ntoa(struct.pack('<L', dest))
                    gw_ip = socket.inet_ntoa(struct.pack('<L', gateway))
                    print(f"  {iface} -> 目标: {dest_ip}, 网关: {gw_ip}")
    elif system == 'Windows':
        # 调用 route print 命令
        result = subprocess.run(['route', 'print'], capture_output=True, text=True)
        print(result.stdout)
    else:
        print("不支持的系统，请使用 netstat -rn 命令查看")
if __name__ == '__main__':
    get_gateways()
    get_routing_table()

import psutil
import netifaces
import socket
import platform
import subprocess
def get_network_interfaces():
    """返回所有活动网卡的名称、MAC、IPv4"""
    interfaces = {}
    for iface, addrs in psutil.net_if_addrs().items():
        # 跳过常见虚拟/回环设备
        skip = ('lo', 'Loopback', 'vEthernet', 'docker', 'vboxnet', 'VMware', 'Virtual')
        if iface.startswith(skip):
            continue
        mac = None
        ipv4 = None
        for addr in addrs:
            if addr.family == psutil.AF_LINK:
                mac = addr.address
            elif addr.family == socket.AF_INET:
                ipv4 = addr.address
        if mac or ipv4:
            interfaces[iface] = {'mac': mac, 'ipv4': ipv4}
    return interfaces
def get_default_gateway():
    """获取默认网关（跨平台）"""
    try:
        gateways = netifaces.gateways()
        default = gateways.get('default', {})
        if default:
            # 典型结构：{2: ('192.168.1.1', 'eth0')}
            for family, (gw, iface) in default.items():
                if family == socket.AF_INET:
                    return gw, iface
    except Exception:
        pass
    # 备选方案：调用系统命令
    system = platform.system()
    if system == 'Windows':
        result = subprocess.run(['route', 'print', '0.0.0.0'], capture_output=True, text=True)
        # 简单解析（实际可以更严谨）
        for line in result.stdout.splitlines():
            if '0.0.0.0' in line and '255.255.255.0' in line:
                parts = line.split()
                if len(parts) >= 3:
                    return parts[2], parts[-1]
    elif system == 'Linux':
        with open('/proc/net/route', 'r') as f:
            for line in f:
                parts = line.strip().split()
                if len(parts) >= 4 and parts[1] == '00000000':  # 目标 0.0.0.0
                    import struct, socket
                    gateway = socket.inet_ntoa(struct.pack('<L', int(parts[2], 16)))
                    return gateway, parts[0]
    return None, None
if __name__ == '__main__':
    print("=== 网卡信息 ===")
    ifaces = get_network_interfaces()
    for name, info in ifaces.items():
        print(f"{name}: MAC={info['mac']}, IPv4={info['ipv4']}")
    print("\n=== 默认网关 ===")
    gw, iface = get_default_gateway()
    print(f"网关: {gw}, 网卡: {iface}")
    print("\n=== 完整路由表（简要） ===")
    # 直接调用系统路由表显示命令
    if platform.system() == 'Windows':
        subprocess.run(['route', 'print'], shell=True)
    else:
        subprocess.run(['route', '-n'], shell=True)