Python使用openpyxl生成、读取、修改Excel

pip install openpyxl

python -m pip install openpyxl

from pathlib import Path

from openpyxl import Workbook, load_workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font, PatternFill, Alignment, Border, Side
from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter


BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent
SOURCE_FILE = BASE_DIR / "student_score.xlsx"
UPDATED_FILE = BASE_DIR / "student_score_updated.xlsx"


def create_excel(file_path: Path) -> None:
    """生成一份学生成绩 Excel。"""
    wb = Workbook()
    ws = wb.active
    ws.title = "成绩表"

    # 标题
    ws.merge_cells("A1:F1")
    ws["A1"] = "学生成绩统计表"
    ws["A1"].font = Font(name="微软雅黑", size=16, bold=True, color="FFFFFF")
    ws["A1"].fill = PatternFill("solid", fgColor="4472C4")
    ws["A1"].alignment = Alignment(horizontal="center", vertical="center")
    ws.row_dimensions[1].height = 28

    # 表头和数据
    headers = ["学号", "姓名", "语文", "数学", "英语", "班级"]
    rows = [
        [1001, "张三", 88, 92, 85, "一班"],
        [1002, "李四", 76, 81, 79, "一班"],
        [1003, "王五", 95, 89, 93, "二班"],
        [1004, "赵六", 68, 72, 70, "二班"],
        [1005, "孙七", 84, 86, 91, "三班"],
    ]

    ws.append([])
    ws.append(headers)
    for row in rows:
        ws.append(row)

    # 样式
    header_fill = PatternFill("solid", fgColor="D9EAF7")
    thin = Side(style="thin", color="D9D9D9")
    border = Border(left=thin, right=thin, top=thin, bottom=thin)

    for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=3, max_row=ws.max_row, min_col=1, max_col=6):
        for cell in row:
            cell.border = border
            cell.alignment = Alignment(horizontal="center", vertical="center")

    for cell in ws[3]:
        cell.font = Font(bold=True)
        cell.fill = header_fill

    # 设置列宽
    column_widths = [12, 12, 10, 10, 10, 12]
    for index, width in enumerate(column_widths, start=1):
        ws.column_dimensions[get_column_letter(index)].width = width

    # 冻结表头，开启筛选
    ws.freeze_panes = "A4"
    ws.auto_filter.ref = f"A3:F{ws.max_row}"

    wb.save(file_path)
    print(f"已生成 Excel：{file_path}")


def read_excel(file_path: Path) -> None:
    """读取 Excel 内容并打印。"""
    wb = load_workbook(file_path)
    ws = wb["成绩表"]

    print("\n读取 Excel 内容：")
    for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=4, values_only=True):
        student_id, name, chinese, math, english, class_name = row
        print(
            f"学号：{student_id}，姓名：{name}，"
            f"语文：{chinese}，数学：{math}，英语：{english}，班级：{class_name}"
        )


def update_excel(source_path: Path, target_path: Path) -> None:
    """修改 Excel，增加平均分、等级、备注。"""
    wb = load_workbook(source_path)
    ws = wb["成绩表"]

    # 新增表头
    ws["G3"] = "平均分"
    ws["H3"] = "等级"
    ws["I3"] = "备注"

    for cell in ws[3]:
        cell.font = Font(bold=True)
        cell.fill = PatternFill("solid", fgColor="D9EAF7")
        cell.alignment = Alignment(horizontal="center", vertical="center")

    for row_index in range(4, ws.max_row + 1):
        chinese = ws.cell(row=row_index, column=3).value
        math = ws.cell(row=row_index, column=4).value
        english = ws.cell(row=row_index, column=5).value

        average = round((chinese + math + english) / 3, 2)
        ws.cell(row=row_index, column=7).value = average

        if average >= 90:
            level = "优秀"
            remark = "继续保持"
        elif average >= 80:
            level = "良好"
            remark = "表现稳定"
        elif average >= 70:
            level = "合格"
            remark = "仍有提升空间"
        else:
            level = "待提升"
            remark = "建议重点辅导"

        ws.cell(row=row_index, column=8).value = level
        ws.cell(row=row_index, column=9).value = remark

    # 给新增区域补样式
    thin = Side(style="thin", color="D9D9D9")
    border = Border(left=thin, right=thin, top=thin, bottom=thin)
    for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=3, max_row=ws.max_row, min_col=1, max_col=9):
        for cell in row:
            cell.border = border
            cell.alignment = Alignment(horizontal="center", vertical="center")

    for column in range(7, 10):
        ws.column_dimensions[get_column_letter(column)].width = 14

    ws.auto_filter.ref = f"A3:I{ws.max_row}"
    wb.save(target_path)
    print(f"\n已修改并另存为：{target_path}")


def main() -> None:
    create_excel(SOURCE_FILE)
    read_excel(SOURCE_FILE)
    update_excel(SOURCE_FILE, UPDATED_FILE)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

python openpyxl_excel_demo.py

已生成 Excel：student_score.xlsx

读取 Excel 内容：
学号：1001，姓名：张三，语文：88，数学：92，英语：85，班级：一班
学号：1002，姓名：李四，语文：76，数学：81，英语：79，班级：一班

已修改并另存为：student_score_updated.xlsx

wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
ws.title = "成绩表"

ws["A1"] = "学生成绩统计表"
ws.append(["学号", "姓名", "语文", "数学", "英语", "班级"])

wb = load_workbook("student_score.xlsx")
ws = wb["成绩表"]

for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=4, values_only=True):
    print(row)

wb = load_workbook("student_score.xlsx")
ws = wb["成绩表"]
ws["G3"] = "平均分"
wb.save("student_score_updated.xlsx")