Python中常用的请求方式详解(包括JSON、表单及其他常见数据传输格式)

import requests
import json

url = "https://example.com/api"
data = {
    "name": "张三",
    "age": 30,
    "skills": ["Python", "Web开发"]
}

# 方法1：直接使用json参数（推荐）
response = requests.post(url, json=data)

# 方法2：手动转换为JSON字符串
headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
response = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(data), headers=headers)

print(response.status_code)
print(response.json())  # 解析响应JSON

import requests

url = "https://example.com/login"
form_data = {
    "username": "user123",
    "password": "secure123"
}

response = requests.post(url, data=form_data)

# 自动设置Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
print(response.text)

import requests

url = "https://example.com/upload"
files = {
    'file': ('report.pdf', open('report.pdf', 'rb'), 'application/pdf'),
    'description': ('', 'Monthly report')  # 可包含普通字段
}

response = requests.post(url, files=files)
print(response.status_code)

import requests

url = "https://example.com/api"
xml_data = """
<user>
    <name>李四</name>
    <age>25</age>
</user>
"""

headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/xml'}
response = requests.post(url, data=xml_data, headers=headers)
print(response.text)

import requests

url = "https://example.com/process"
text_data = "This is plain text data"

headers = {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'}
response = requests.post(url, data=text_data, headers=headers)
print(response.status_code)

import requests

url = "https://example.com/process-image"
with open('image.jpg', 'rb') as f:
    binary_data = f.read()

headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/octet-stream'}
response = requests.post(url, data=binary_data, headers=headers)
print(response.headers)

headers = {
    'Content-Type': 'application/json',  # 指定发送数据的格式
    'Accept': 'application/json',       # 指定希望接收的响应格式
    'Authorization': 'Bearer token123'  # 认证信息
}

response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)

import requests
import json

base_url = "https://example.com/api"

# JSON请求示例
def json_request():
    data = {"key": "value"}
    response = requests.post(f"{base_url}/json", json=data)
    print("JSON响应:", response.json())

# 表单请求示例
def form_request():
    data = {"username": "test", "password": "123"}
    response = requests.post(f"{base_url}/form", data=data)
    print("表单响应:", response.text)

# 文件上传示例
def file_upload():
    with open('test.txt', 'rb') as f:
        files = {'file': f}
        response = requests.post(f"{base_url}/upload", files=files)
    print("上传响应状态:", response.status_code)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    json_request()
    form_request()
    file_upload()