Python实现批量修改文件名的实战指南

import os

# 获取当前工作目录
print(os.getcwd())  # 输出：/Users/yourname/Documents

# 列出目录内容（不包含子目录）
print(os.listdir("photos"))  # ['IMG_001.jpg', 'IMG_002.jpg', ...]

# 检查文件是否存在
if os.path.exists("report.pdf"):
    print("文件存在！")

import shutil

# 复制文件（保留元数据）
shutil.copy("source.txt", "backup.txt")

# 移动文件（等同于重命名）
shutil.move("old_name.txt", "new_name.txt")

import os

# 定义目标目录
folder = "photos"

# 遍历目录下所有文件
for filename in os.listdir(folder):
    # 仅处理.jpg文件
    if filename.endswith(".jpg"):
        # 生成新文件名
        new_name = "photo_" + filename
        
        # 执行重命名（必须使用完整路径）
        old_path = os.path.join(folder, filename)
        new_path = os.path.join(folder, new_name)
        
        os.rename(old_path, new_path)
        print(f"✅ 已重命名: {filename} → {new_name}")

✅ 已重命名: IMG_001.jpg → photo_IMG_001.jpg
✅ 已重命名: IMG_002.jpg → photo_IMG_002.jpg
✅ 已重命名: IMG_003.jpg → photo_IMG_003.jpg

import os

folder = "documents"
counter = 1  # 用于重名时的编号

for filename in os.listdir(folder):
    if filename.endswith(".txt"):
        # 生成基础新名称
        base_name = os.path.splitext(filename)[0]  # 移除后缀
        new_name = f"report_{base_name}.txt"
        
        # 检查是否已存在
        while os.path.exists(os.path.join(folder, new_name)):
            new_name = f"report_{base_name}_{counter}.txt"
            counter += 1
        
        # 执行重命名
        os.rename(
            os.path.join(folder, filename),
            os.path.join(folder, new_name)
        )
        print(f"🔄 重命名: {filename} → {new_name}")

import os
from PIL import Image

folder = "images"

for filename in os.listdir(folder):
    if filename.endswith(".png"):
        # 生成新文件名
        new_name = os.path.splitext(filename)[0] + ".webp"
        
        # 转换图片格式
        img = Image.open(os.path.join(folder, filename))
        img.save(os.path.join(folder, new_name), "WEBP")
        
        # 删除原文件（可选）
        os.remove(os.path.join(folder, filename))
        print(f"🖼️ 转换: {filename} → {new_name}")

import os
import re

folder = "photos"

for filename in os.listdir(folder):
    # 使用正则匹配文件名
    match = re.match(r'IMG_(\d{8})_(\d{4})\.jpg', filename)
    
    if match:
        # 提取捕获组
        date = match.group(1)
        number = match.group(2)
        
        # 生成新文件名
        new_name = f"{date}_{number}.jpg"
        
        # 执行重命名
        os.rename(
            os.path.join(folder, filename),
            os.path.join(folder, new_name)
        )
        print(f"🔍 重命名: {filename} → {new_name}")

import os
from tqdm import tqdm  # pip install tqdm

folder = "videos"
files = [f for f in os.listdir(folder) if f.endswith(".mp4")]

for filename in tqdm(files, desc="重命名中"):
    # 重命名逻辑（此处省略）
    new_name = "video_" + filename
    os.rename(os.path.join(folder, filename), os.path.join(folder, new_name))

print("✅ 所有文件重命名完成！")

重命名中: 100%|████████████████████████████| 50/50 [00:02<00:00, 24.50it/s]
✅ 所有文件重命名完成！

import os

def rename_recursive(folder):
    for root, _, files in os.walk(folder):
        for filename in files:
            if filename.endswith(".docx"):
                # 生成新名称（保留目录结构）
                new_name = "doc_" + filename
                old_path = os.path.join(root, filename)
                new_path = os.path.join(root, new_name)
                
                os.rename(old_path, new_path)
                print(f"📁 递归重命名: {old_path} → {new_path}")

rename_recursive("projects")

import os

folder = "photos"
dry_run = True  # 模拟运行开关

for filename in os.listdir(folder):
    if filename.endswith(".jpg"):
        new_name = "photo_" + filename
        
        if dry_run:
            print(f"模拟重命名: {filename} → {new_name}")
        else:
            os.rename(
                os.path.join(folder, filename),
                os.path.join(folder, new_name)
            )
            print(f"✅ 实际重命名: {filename} → {new_name}")

print("⚠️ 请将dry_run设为False后执行实际重命名！")

# 没有循环的糟糕写法（仅处理3个文件）
os.rename("IMG_001.jpg", "photo_IMG_001.jpg")
os.rename("IMG_002.jpg", "photo_IMG_002.jpg")
os.rename("IMG_003.jpg", "photo_IMG_003.jpg")

import os
import PyPDF2

def extract_title(pdf_path):
    with open(pdf_path, "rb") as f:
        reader = PyPDF2.PdfReader(f)
        # 提取第一页的标题
        return reader.pages[0].extract_text().splitlines()[0].strip()

folder = "pdfs"

for filename in os.listdir(folder):
    if filename.endswith(".pdf"):
        try:
            title = extract_title(os.path.join(folder, filename))
            # 清理非法字符
            safe_title = re.sub(r'[\\/*?:"<>|]', "", title)
            new_name = f"{safe_title}.pdf"
            
            os.rename(
                os.path.join(folder, filename),
                os.path.join(folder, new_name)
            )
            print(f"📄 提取标题: {filename} → {new_name}")
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"❌ 处理失败 {filename}: {str(e)}")

import os
import re

folder = "products"

for filename in os.listdir(folder):
    if filename.endswith(".jpg"):
        # 提取数字ID
        match = re.search(r'product_(\d+)', filename)
        if match:
            id_num = match.group(1)
            new_name = f"P{id_num}.jpg"
            
            os.rename(
                os.path.join(folder, filename),
                os.path.join(folder, new_name)
            )
            print(f"🛒 产品重命名: {filename} → {new_name}")

import os
from datetime import datetime

folder = "travel"

for filename in os.listdir(folder):
    if filename.endswith(".jpg"):
        # 获取文件创建时间
        file_path = os.path.join(folder, filename)
        timestamp = os.path.getctime(file_path)
        dt = datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp)
        
        # 格式化为YYYYMMDD_HHMM
        new_name = dt.strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M") + ".jpg"
        
        os.rename(file_path, os.path.join(folder, new_name))
        print(f"📅 按时间重命名: {filename} → {new_name}")

# 错误示例！
os.rename("IMG_001.jpg", "photo_IMG_001.jpg") 
# 实际执行时会报错：文件不在当前目录

os.rename(
    os.path.join("photos", "IMG_001.jpg"),
    os.path.join("photos", "photo_IMG_001.jpg")
)

# 错误示例：循环中修改文件名导致跳过
for filename in os.listdir("photos"):
    if filename.endswith(".jpg"):
        os.rename(..., "new_" + filename)  # 但循环仍用原文件名

# 先收集所有文件，再重命名
files = [f for f in os.listdir("photos") if f.endswith(".jpg")]
for filename in files:
    # 重命名逻辑