一文详解Python中socket库的完整使用教程

import socket

socket.socket(family, type)

# 创建TCP套接字
tcp_sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)

# 创建UDP套接字
udp_sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)

import socket

sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
sock.settimeout(5)  # 5秒无响应则超时

# 建立连接
sock.connect(("127.0.0.1", 8080))

# 发送数据，只能发送bytes
sock.send("你好服务端".encode("utf-8"))

# 接收数据，最多读取1024字节
data = sock.recv(1024)
print(data.decode("utf-8"))

sock.close()

import socket

server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
# 端口复用，避免重启时报端口被占用
server.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)

server.bind(("0.0.0.0", 8080))
server.listen(5)
print("服务端已启动，等待连接...")

# 阻塞等待客户端
conn, client_addr = server.accept()
print("客户端地址：", client_addr)

# 接收消息
msg = conn.recv(1024)
print("收到：", msg.decode())

# 回复消息
conn.send("收到消息".encode("utf-8"))

# 关闭当前客户端连接
conn.close()

import socket

sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)

# 发送UDP数据包
sock.sendto(b"心跳包", ("127.0.0.1", 9999))
sock.close()

import socket

sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
sock.bind(("0.0.0.0", 9999))

while True:
    data, addr = sock.recvfrom(1024)
    print(f"来自{addr}: {data.decode()}")
    # 回包
    sock.sendto(b"ok", addr)

# 开启广播权限
sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_BROADCAST, 1)
sock.sendto(b"online", ("255.255.255.255", 9999))

sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)

sock.settimeout(3)

try:
    data = sock.recv(1024)
except socket.timeout:
    print("接收超时")

sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, True)

socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())

socket.gethostbyname("www.baidu.com")

# 发送端
sock.send(b"hello|||")
# 接收端按分隔符切割数据

def port_check(host, port, timeout=2):
    try:
        sock = socket.socket()
        sock.settimeout(timeout)
        sock.connect((host, port))
        sock.close()
        return True
    except:
        return False

sock = socket.socket()
sock.connect(("www.baidu.com", 80))
http_header = b"GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost:www.baidu.com\r\nConnection:close\r\n\r\n"
sock.send(http_header)
print(sock.recv(4096).decode("utf-8", errors="ignore"))
sock.close()