Python正则表达式校验字符串格式的完整指南

import re

import re

res = re.fullmatch(r"\d+", "123456")
if res:
    print("格式合法")
else:
    print("格式错误")

# 正确写法
pattern = r"\d{11}"
# 错误写法（需要双反斜杠，极易出错）
pattern = "\\d{11}"

import re

def check_str_format(input_str: str, reg_pattern: str) -> bool:
    """
    正则校验字符串完整格式
    :param input_str: 待检测字符串
    :param reg_pattern: 正则表达式
    :return: 合法返回True，非法返回False
    """
    if not isinstance(input_str, str):
        return False
    match_result = re.fullmatch(reg_pattern, input_str)
    return match_result is not None

# 测试示例
if __name__ == "__main__":
    # 校验6位纯数字
    num_rule = r"\d{6}"
    print(check_str_format("123456", num_rule))  # True
    print(check_str_format("12345a", num_rule))  # False

phone_rule = r"1[3-9]\d{9}"
print(check_str_format("13800138000", phone_rule))  # True
print(check_str_format("12800138000", phone_rule))  # False

email_rule = r"\w+@[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}"
print(check_str_format("test123@qq.com", email_rule))  # True
print(check_str_format("test@.com", email_rule))       # False

# 正向预查：同时包含数字和字母
pwd_rule = r"(?=.*\d)(?=.*[a-zA-Z])[\w]{6,16}"
print(check_str_format("Abc123456", pwd_rule))  # True
print(check_str_format("12345678", pwd_rule))   # False 无字母
print(check_str_format("abcdefgh", pwd_rule))   # False 无数字

chinese_rule = r"[\u4e00-\u9fa5]+"
print(check_str_format("张三", chinese_rule))    # True
print(check_str_format("张三123", chinese_rule))# False

id_card_rule = r"\d{17}[\dXx]"
print(check_str_format("50010119990101123X", id_card_rule)) # True

username_rule = r"(?!^\d+$)\w{4,16}"
print(check_str_format("user_001", username_rule)) # True
print(check_str_format("123456", username_rule)) # False 纯数字

date_rule = r"\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}"
print(check_str_format("2026-07-13", date_rule)) # True
print(check_str_format("2026/07/13", date_rule)) # False

code_rule = r"[A-Z0-9]{6}"
# 不区分大小写
res = re.fullmatch(code_rule, "a1b2c3", flags=re.I)
print(res is not None) # True

def check_str_format(input_str: str, reg_pattern: str, flags=0) -> bool:
    if not isinstance(input_str, str):
        return False
    match_result = re.fullmatch(reg_pattern, input_str, flags=flags)
    return match_result is not None

print(check_str_format("ABC123", r"[a-z0-9]{6}", re.I))

# 错误：search会判定"123abc"符合数字规则
print(re.search(r"\d+", "123abc"))  # 有匹配结果
# 正确：fullmatch要求整体全匹配
print(re.fullmatch(r"\d+", "123abc")) # None

import re

def check_str_format(input_str: str, reg_pattern: str, flags=0) -> bool:
    if not isinstance(input_str, str):
        return False
    match_result = re.fullmatch(reg_pattern, input_str, flags=flags)
    return match_result is not None

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # 定义各类校验规则
    rules = {
        "手机号": r"1[3-9]\d{9}",
        "邮箱": r"\w+@[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}",
        "6位数字验证码": r"\d{6}",
        "密码(6-16位数字+字母)": r"(?=.*\d)(?=.*[a-zA-Z])[\w]{6,16}"
    }

    test_data = [
        ("13912345678", "手机号"),
        ("test@163.com", "邮箱"),
        ("abc123", "6位数字验证码"),
        ("Pass123456", "密码(6-16位数字+字母)")
    ]

    for content, rule_name in test_data:
        result = check_str_format(content, rules[rule_name])
        print(f"待校验：{content} | 规则：{rule_name} | 校验结果：{'通过' if result else '不通过'}")