Python完美处理Excel合并单元格(拆分填充+自动合并)的示例详解

pip install openpyxl

from openpyxl import load_workbook
from copy import copy


# ===================== 拆分合并单元格（全区域填充值+保留样式） =====================
def unmerge_merged_cells_fill_all(file_path, sheet_name="Sheet1", output_path=None):
    """
    拆分所有合并单元格，拆分后原合并区域全部填充原左上角值，完整保留样式
    :param file_path: 输入Excel路径
    :param sheet_name: 工作表名称
    :param output_path: 输出路径，默认覆盖原文件
    :return: 处理后文件路径
    """
    # 加载工作簿，保留原格式
    wb = load_workbook(file_path)
    ws = wb[sheet_name]

    # 提前读取所有合并区域（拆分后会丢失合并信息，必须前置读取）
    merged_ranges = list(ws.merged_cells.ranges)
    if not merged_ranges:
        print("未检测到合并单元格，无需处理")
        return file_path

    # 遍历所有合并区域逐一处理
    for m_range in merged_ranges:
        min_row = m_range.min_row
        max_row = m_range.max_row
        min_col = m_range.min_col
        max_col = m_range.max_col

        # 获取左上角值与样式
        top_left_cell = ws.cell(row=min_row, column=min_col)
        top_left_value = top_left_cell.value

        # 拆分单元格
        ws.unmerge_cells(range_string=str(m_range))

        # 全区域填充值 + 复刻样式
        for row in range(min_row, max_row + 1):
            for col in range(min_col, max_col + 1):
                current_cell = ws.cell(row=row, column=col)
                current_cell.value = top_left_value
                # 完整复刻样式
                current_cell.font = copy(top_left_cell.font)
                current_cell.fill = copy(top_left_cell.fill)
                current_cell.border = copy(top_left_cell.border)
                current_cell.alignment = copy(top_left_cell.alignment)
                current_cell.number_format = top_left_cell.number_format

    # 保存文件
    output_path = output_path if output_path else file_path
    wb.save(output_path)
    print(f"✅ 拆分完成！共处理 {len(merged_ranges)} 个合并区域，文件保存至: {output_path}")
    return output_path


# ===================== 按列纵向自动合并相同值 =====================
def merge_cells_by_column(file_path, sheet_name="Sheet1", start_row=1, end_row=None, col=None, output_path=None):
    """
    单列纵向合并：同一列连续相同值自动合并
    """
    wb = load_workbook(file_path)
    ws = wb[sheet_name]
    max_row = ws.max_row if end_row is None else end_row

    merge_blocks = []
    current_start = start_row
    prev_val = ws.cell(row=start_row, column=col).value

    # 扫描连续相同值区块
    for r in range(start_row + 1, max_row + 1):
        curr_val = ws.cell(row=r, column=col).value
        if curr_val != prev_val:
            if current_start != r - 1:
                merge_blocks.append((current_start, col, r - 1, col))
            current_start = r
            prev_val = curr_val
    # 收尾最后一段
    if current_start != max_row:
        merge_blocks.append((current_start, col, max_row, col))

    # 执行合并+样式同步
    for min_r, min_c, max_r, max_c in merge_blocks:
        ws.merge_cells(min_row=min_r, min_col=min_c, max_row=max_r, max_col=max_c)
        top_cell = ws.cell(min_r, min_c)
        for r in range(min_r, max_r + 1):
            for c in range(min_c, max_c + 1):
                if not (r == min_r and c == min_c):
                    cell = ws.cell(r, c)
                    cell.value = None
                    cell.font = copy(top_cell.font)
                    cell.fill = copy(top_cell.fill)
                    cell.border = copy(top_cell.border)
                    cell.alignment = copy(top_cell.alignment)
                    cell.number_format = top_cell.number_format

    save_path = output_path if output_path else file_path
    wb.save(save_path)
    print(f"✅ 列合并完成，共 {len(merge_blocks)} 处合并，保存至：{save_path}")
    return save_path


# ===================== 按行横向自动合并相同值 =====================
def merge_cells_by_row(file_path, sheet_name="Sheet1", start_col=1, end_col=None, row=None, output_path=None):
    """
    单行横向合并：同一行连续相同值自动合并
    """
    wb = load_workbook(file_path)
    ws = wb[sheet_name]
    max_col = ws.max_column if end_col is None else end_col

    merge_blocks = []
    current_start = start_col
    prev_val = ws.cell(row=row, column=start_col).value

    for c in range(start_col + 1, max_col + 1):
        curr_val = ws.cell(row=row, column=c).value
        if curr_val != prev_val:
            if current_start != c - 1:
                merge_blocks.append((row, current_start, row, c - 1))
            current_start = c
            prev_val = curr_val
    if current_start != max_col:
        merge_blocks.append((row, current_start, row, max_col))

    for min_r, min_c, max_r, max_c in merge_blocks:
        ws.merge_cells(min_row=min_r, min_col=min_c, max_row=max_r, max_col=max_c)
        top_cell = ws.cell(min_r, min_c)
        for r in range(min_r, max_r + 1):
            for c in range(min_c, max_c + 1):
                if not (r == min_r and c == min_c):
                    cell = ws.cell(r, c)
                    cell.value = None
                    cell.font = copy(top_cell.font)
                    cell.fill = copy(top_cell.fill)
                    cell.border = copy(top_cell.border)
                    cell.alignment = copy(top_cell.alignment)
                    cell.number_format = top_cell.number_format

    save_path = output_path if output_path else file_path
    wb.save(save_path)
    print(f"✅ 行合并完成，共 {len(merge_blocks)} 处合并，保存至：{save_path}")
    return save_path


# ===================== 自定义区域合并 =====================
def manual_merge_range(file_path, sheet_name="Sheet1", min_r=1, min_c=1, max_r=1, max_c=1, output_path=None):
    """手动指定行列区域合并单元格"""
    wb = load_workbook(file_path)
    ws = wb[sheet_name]
    ws.merge_cells(min_row=min_r, min_col=min_c, max_row=max_r, max_col=max_c)
    top_cell = ws.cell(min_r, min_c)

    for r in range(min_r, max_r + 1):
        for c in range(min_c, max_c + 1):
            if not (r == min_r and c == min_c):
                cell = ws.cell(r, c)
                cell.value = None
                cell.font = copy(top_cell.font)
                cell.fill = copy(top_cell.fill)
                cell.border = copy(top_cell.border)
                cell.alignment = copy(top_cell.alignment)
                cell.number_format = top_cell.number_format

    save_path = output_path if output_path else file_path
    wb.save(save_path)
    print(f"✅ 区域合并完成！({min_r},{min_c})~({max_r},{max_c})")
    return save_path


# ===================== 一键联动：拆分填充 + 重新合并 =====================
if __name__ == "__main__":
    # 配置文件路径
    input_file = r"C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\cs11.xlsx"
    temp_file = r"C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\temp_拆分后.xlsx"
    final_file = r"C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\最终规整表格.xlsx"

    # 1. 先拆分所有合并单元格，填充空白、保留样式
    unmerge_merged_cells_fill_all(input_file, output_path=temp_file)

    # 2. 按需重新合并（示例：对第1列纵向合并相同内容）
    merge_cells_by_column(temp_file, col=1, start_row=1, output_path=final_file)

    # 其他用法可单独调用
    # merge_cells_by_row(input_file, row=2)
    # manual_merge_range(input_file, min_r=2, min_c=1, max_r=5, max_c=3)

unmerge_merged_cells_fill_all("test.xlsx", output_path="拆分后.xlsx")

# 第2列，从第2行开始纵向合并 merge_cells_by_column("拆分后.xlsx", col=2, start_row=2)

# 第3行横向合并 merge_cells_by_row("test.xlsx", row=3)

# 2-5行，1-3列区域合并 manual_merge_range("test.xlsx", min_r=2, min_c=1, max_r=5, max_c=3)