从Docker容器中备份整个PostgreSQL的操作步骤

# 登录到旧的PG容器中
docker exec -it postgres bash
# 备份数据库
pg_dumpall -c -U postgres > dump_`date +%Y-%m-%d"_"%H_%M_%S`.sql
# 退出容器
exit
# 退出容器后，复制出备份文件到主机中
docker cp postgres:/dump_2024-10-26_05_58_04.sql dump_2024-10-26_05_58_04.sql

# 停止老的PG容器
docker stop postgres
# 创建新的PG容器
docker run --name postgres2 -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=<密码> -p 5432:5432 -d postgres -c max_connections=800

# 复制备份数据文件到新PG容器中
docker cp dump_2024-10-26_05_58_04.sql postgres2:/
# 登录到新PG容器中
docker exec -it postgres2 bash
# 恢复备份数据库
psql -f dump_2024-10-26_05_58_04.sql -U postgres postgres

# 删除旧pg容器
docker rm postgres
# 改名老pg容器
docker rename postgres2 postgres

# vi /opt/postgresql/conf/backup/pg_backup.sh
#!/bin/bash
# 设置数据库连接参数
DB_HOST="localhost"
DB_PORT="5432"
DB_NAME="PGDB"
DB_USER="root"
DB_PASS="Admin@123"
# 设置备份目录
BACKUP_DIR="/mnt"
# 获取当前时间戳
TIMESTAMP=$(date +"%Y%m%d%H%M%S")
# 设置备份文件名
BACKUP_FILE="$BACKUP_DIR/backup_$DB_NAME_$TIMESTAMP.sql"
# 使用 pg_dump 命令备份数据库
pg_dump -h $DB_HOST -p $DB_PORT -U $DB_USER -d $DB_NAME -Fc -b -v -f "$BACKUP_FILE"
# 检查备份是否成功，并导出备份日志
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    echo "$TIMESTAMP Backup completed successfully: $BACKUP_FILE" >> /mnt/pg_backup.log
else
    echo "$TIMESTAMP Backup failed." >> /mnt/pg_backuo.log
fi
# 检查并删除十天前的备份文件  
find "$BACKUP_DIR" -type f -name "$DB_NAME_*.sql" -mtime +10 -exec rm {} \;  
echo "$TIMESTAMP Backup completed and old backups cleaned up." >> /mnt/pg_backup.log

chmod +x  /opt/postgresql/conf/backup/pg_backup.sh

# vi /opt/postgresql
version: "3"
services:
  postgresql:
    image: postgres:16.3-alpine
    restart: always
    privileged: true
    environment:
      POSTGRES_USER: root
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: Admin@123
      POSTGRES_DB: PGDB
    ports:
      - 5432:5432
    volumes:
      - ./conf/postgres/data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
      - ./conf/backup:/mnt			#备份脚本和备份文件存放目录

# cd /opt/ postgresql
# docker-compose up -d

# 每天凌晨一点自动执行数据库备份脚本
# crontab -l
0 1 * * *  docker exec postgresql   /bin/bash -c "/mnt/pg_backup.sh"