一步到位的Docker全平台安装完整指南(Windows/Mac/Linux)

# 启用虚拟化功能
dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Hyper-V /all /norestart
wsl --install
wsl --set-default-version 2

# 下载Linux内核更新包
https://wslstorestorage.blob.core.windows.net/wslblob/wsl_update_x64.msi

docker --version
# 输出: Docker version 24.0.6, build ed223bc

docker run hello-world
# 出现"Hello from Docker!"即成功

docker compose version
# 输出: Docker Compose version v2.23.0

docker run --platform=linux/amd64 ubuntu uname -a
# 强制运行x86容器（跨平台测试）

# 卸载旧版本
sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc

# 设置仓库
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ca-certificates curl gnupg
sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
echo \
  "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu \
  $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" | \
  sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

# 安装引擎
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

# 非root用户权限
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
newgrp docker  # 立即生效

# 清理旧版本
sudo yum remove docker docker-client docker-client-latest docker-common docker-latest docker-latest-logrotate docker-logrotate docker-engine

# 安装工具
sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

# 安装社区版
sudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

# 启动服务
sudo systemctl enable docker
sudo systemctl start docker

// Windows/macOS：Docker Desktop → Settings → Docker Engine
{
  "registry-mirrors": [
    "https://registry.docker-cn.com",
    "https://mirror.ccs.tencentyun.com",
    "https://<你的ID>.mirror.aliyuncs.com"
  ],
  "experimental": true,
  "features": {
    "buildkit": true
  }
}

# 查看存储驱动
docker info | grep "Storage Driver"

# 修改数据目录
sudo systemctl stop docker
sudo rsync -avz /var/lib/docker/ /new/path
sudo vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
# 添加： "data-root": "/new/path"
sudo systemctl start docker

sudo systemctl status docker  # 检查服务状态
journalctl -xe -u docker     # 查看详细日志

wsl --update
wsl --shutdown

sudo swapoff -a
sudo sed -i '/ swap / s/^/#/' /etc/fstab

docker stats       # 实时资源占用
docker system df   # 磁盘空间统计
docker info        # 完整环境信息