Flask应用封装成Docker服务的完整操作指南

/myflaskapp
├── app.py
├── requirements.txt
└── Dockerfile

from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def hello():
    return "Hello, Dockerized Flask!"

flask==3.0.0
gunicorn==21.2.0

# 基础镜像
FROM python:3.9-slim

# 设置工作目录
WORKDIR /app

# 安装系统依赖
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
    gcc python3-dev \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# 复制依赖清单
COPY requirements.txt .

# 安装 Python 依赖
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt

# 复制应用代码
COPY . .

# 暴露端口
EXPOSE 5000

# 设置启动命令（使用 Gunicorn 生产服务器）
CMD ["gunicorn", "--bind", "0.0.0.0:5000", "app:app"]

docker build -t myflask:1.0 .

# 基础运行
docker run -d -p 5000:5000 --name flask_app myflask:1.0

# 带环境变量（生产环境配置）
docker run -d -p 5000:5000 \
  -e FLASK_ENV=production \
  --name flask_prod \
  myflask:1.0

# 构建阶段
FROM python:3.9-slim as builder
WORKDIR /app
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --user -r requirements.txt

# 运行阶段
FROM python:3.9-slim
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=builder /root/.local /root/.local
COPY . .
ENV PATH=/root/.local/bin:$PATH
CMD ["gunicorn", "--bind", "0.0.0.0:5000", "app:app"]

# 添加非 root 用户
RUN useradd -m flaskuser && chown -R flaskuser:flaskuser /app
USER flaskuser

# 配置日志持久化
VOLUME /app/logs

# 健康检查
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s \
  CMD curl -f http://localhost:5000/health || exit 1

# 检查容器日志
docker logs flask_app

# 进入容器调试
docker exec -it flask_app bash
curl localhost:5000

docker inspect flask_app | grep ExitCode
docker logs --tail 50 flask_app

CMD ["gunicorn", "--workers", "4", "--bind", "0.0.0.0:5000", "app:app"]

docker run -d -v flask_data:/app/data myflask:1.0

version: '3.8'

services:
  web:
    build: .
    ports:
      - "5000:5000"
    environment:
      - FLASK_ENV=production
    networks:
      - flask_net
    depends_on:
      - redis

  redis:
    image: redis:alpine
    volumes:
      - redis_data:/data
    networks:
      - flask_net

volumes:
  redis_data:

networks:
  flask_net:

docker-compose up -d --build

docker logs -f flask_app

docker stats flask_app

docker run --restart=always -d myflask:1.0