Docker在Ubuntu系统中的详细操作指南

# 更新系统软件包
sudo apt update

# 安装依赖包
sudo apt install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common

# 添加 Docker 官方 GPG 密钥
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg

# 添加 Docker 官方仓库
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

# 更新软件包索引
sudo apt update

# 安装 Docker 引擎
sudo apt install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

# 验证是否安装成功
sudo docker --version

# 运行测试容器
sudo docker run hello-world

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

# 创建 docker 用户组（如果尚未存在）
sudo groupadd docker

# 将当前用户添加到 docker 组
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER

# 重新加载用户组权限
newgrp docker

# 验证是否可以不使用 sudo 运行 Docker
docker run hello-world

docker ps

docker ps -a

docker images

docker pull nginx

docker run -d -p 8080:80 --name mynginx nginx

docker stop mynginx

docker start mynginx

docker rm mynginx

docker rmi nginx

mkdir myapp
cd myapp
touch app.py Dockerfile

from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def hello():
    return "Hello from Docker!"

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=5000)

FROM python:3.10-slim
WORKDIR /app
COPY app.py .
EXPOSE 5000
CMD ["python", "app.py"]

docker build -t myapp .

docker run -d -p 5000:5000 --name myapp-container myapp

http://localhost:5000

docker run -d -p 5000:5000 \
  -v $(pwd)/data:/app/data \
  --name myapp-container myapp

docker network create mynetwork
docker run --network mynetwork --name app1 -d myapp
docker run --network mynetwork --name app2 -d anotherapp

# 下载最新版本
sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/v2.23.0/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

# 赋予执行权限
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

# 验证安装
docker-compose --version

# docker-compose.yml
version: '3'
services:
  web:
    build: .
    ports:
      - "5000:5000"
  redis:
    image: "redis:alpine"

# 启动服务
docker-compose up -d

# 停止服务
docker-compose down

docker container prune

docker image prune -a

docker volume prune

docker network prune