Docker MySQL 单主从及分表函数的解决方案

docker network create --driver bridge mysql-net

[client]
default-character-set = utf8mb4
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8mb4
[mysqld]
character-set-client-handshake = FALSE
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
read-only = 0
server-id=1   # slave节点不能一样
binlog_format           = ROW # STATEMENT、ROW、MIXED
#log-bin                 = /home/mysql/mybilong/mysql-bin.log
#开启二进制日志
log-bin                 = /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin
expire_logs_days        = 7
max_binlog_size         = 100m
binlog_cache_size       = 4m
max_binlog_cache_size   = 512m
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
lower_case_table_names = 1
default-time-zone = '+08:00'
#skip-grant-tables
#lower_case_table_name=1
#最大连接数
max_connections=1000
max_allowed_packet=10M
# Recommended in standard MySQL setup
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
#query_cache_type=1
#query_cache_size=125M
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log 
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

# version: '3.9'
services:
  mysql-master:
    image: mysql:8.0.39
    container_name: mysql-master
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: admin
      MYSQL_DATABASE: mydatabase
      MYSQL_USER: re
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: repassword
    ports:
      - "3316:3306"
    volumes:
      - ./master/config:/etc/mysql/conf.d
      - ./master/data:/var/lib/mysql
    restart: always
    networks:
      - mysql-net
  mysql-slave01:
    image: mysql:8.0.39
    container_name: mysql-slave01
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: admin
      MYSQL_DATABASE: mydatabase
      MYSQL_USER: re
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: repassword
    ports:
      - "3317:3306"
    volumes:
      - ./slave01/config:/etc/mysql/conf.d
      - ./slave01/data:/var/lib/mysql
    restart: always
    networks:
      - mysql-net
networks:
  mysql-net:
    external: true

ALTER USER 'rec'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'repassword';

docker exec -it slave01 /bin/bash  # 进入 slave01 容器
mysql -uroot -p  # 登录到 MySQL 数据库
-- 步骤 1：停止从库复制进程
STOP SLAVE;
-- 步骤 2：重置从库复制设置，清除之前的配置
RESET SLAVE ALL;
-- 步骤 3：应用修正后的 CHANGE MASTER TO 命令
CHANGE MASTER TO
    MASTER_HOST='192.168.34.18',  # 主库的 IP 地址
    MASTER_USER='re',  # 用于复制的用户名
    MASTER_PASSWORD='repassword',  # 复制用户的密码
    MASTER_PORT=3316,  # 主库端口
    MASTER_LOG_FILE='binlog.000002',  # 主库的二进制日志文件（可以通过 `show master status` 查询）
    MASTER_LOG_POS=157;  # 主库日志位置（通过 `show master status` 查询）
-- 步骤 4：启动从库复制进程
START SLAVE;
-- 步骤 5：验证从库状态
SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G;  # 查看从库状态信息
-- 另外，MySQL 8.0+ 的命令，用于启动复制进程
start replica;  # 启动复制
-- 查看复制状态
show replica status;  # 显示复制状态

CREATE TABLE users (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    username VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL, 
    email VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL UNIQUE,
    password VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, 
    created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);
INSERT INTO users (username, email, password)
VALUES ('aaa', 'aaa@example.com', 'aaa'),
       ('bbb', 'bbb@example.com', 'bbb');

CREATE TABLE user_template (
    id BIGINT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(50),
    create_time TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);

DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDURE insert_user(IN uname VARCHAR(50))
BEGIN
    DECLARE tbl VARCHAR(20);
    DECLARE sql_create TEXT;
    DECLARE sql_insert TEXT;
    -- 计算当前月份表名，例如 user_202509
    SET tbl = CONCAT('user_', DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '%Y%m'));
    -- 如果表不存在则创建
    SET @sql_create = CONCAT('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ', tbl, ' LIKE user_template');
    PREPARE stmt FROM @sql_create;
    EXECUTE stmt;
    DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;
    -- 插入数据
    SET @sql_insert = CONCAT('INSERT INTO ', tbl, ' (name) VALUES (?)');
    PREPARE stmt FROM @sql_insert;
    SET @n = uname;
    EXECUTE stmt USING @n;
    DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;
END;
//
DELIMITER ;

CALL insert_user('Alice');
CALL insert_user('Bob');

-- 查 2025年9月数据
SELECT * FROM user_202509 WHERE id = 1;
-- 查 2025年10月数据
SELECT * FROM user_202510 WHERE id = 5;

SELECT * FROM user_202509 WHERE name='Alice'
UNION ALL
SELECT * FROM user_202510 WHERE name='Alice';

DELIMITER //
CREATE FUNCTION get_user_table(dt DATE) RETURNS VARCHAR(20)
DETERMINISTIC
BEGIN
    RETURN CONCAT('user_', DATE_FORMAT(dt, '%Y%m'));
END;
//
DELIMITER ;

SET @tbl = get_user_table('2025-09-10');
SET @sql = CONCAT('SELECT * FROM ', @tbl, ' WHERE name="Alice"');
PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
EXECUTE stmt;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;

DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDURE query_user_range(
    IN start_date DATE,
    IN end_date DATE,
    IN where_clause TEXT,
    IN limit_num INT,
    IN offset_num INT
)
BEGIN
    DECLARE cur_date DATE;
    DECLARE tbl VARCHAR(20);
    DECLARE sql_all LONGTEXT DEFAULT '';
    DECLARE sql_tmp TEXT;
    DECLARE tbl_count INT;
    DECLARE sql_page LONGTEXT;
    DECLARE sub_start DATE;
    DECLARE sub_end DATE;
    -- 从起始月份第一天开始
    SET cur_date = DATE_FORMAT(start_date, '%Y-%m-01');
    WHILE cur_date <= end_date DO
        -- 表名: user_YYYYMM
        SET tbl = CONCAT('user_', DATE_FORMAT(cur_date, '%Y%m'));
        -- 子区间的起止日期
        SET sub_start = GREATEST(cur_date, start_date);
        SET sub_end   = LEAST(LAST_DAY(cur_date), end_date);
        -- 检查表是否存在
        SELECT COUNT(*) INTO tbl_count
        FROM information_schema.tables
        WHERE table_schema = DATABASE()
          AND table_name = tbl;
        -- 如果表存在，拼接子查询
        IF tbl_count > 0 THEN
            SET sql_tmp = CONCAT(
                'SELECT *, "', tbl, '" AS source_table FROM ', tbl,
                ' WHERE create_time >= ''', sub_start, '''',
                ' AND create_time <= ''', sub_end, ''''
            );
            IF where_clause IS NOT NULL AND where_clause <> '' THEN
                SET sql_tmp = CONCAT(sql_tmp, ' AND ', where_clause);
            END IF;
            IF sql_all = '' THEN
                SET sql_all = sql_tmp;
            ELSE
                SET sql_all = CONCAT(sql_all, ' UNION ALL ', sql_tmp);
            END IF;
        END IF;
        -- 下一个月
        SET cur_date = DATE_ADD(cur_date, INTERVAL 1 MONTH);
    END WHILE;
    -- 如果有拼好的 SQL
    IF sql_all <> '' THEN
        IF limit_num IS NULL OR limit_num = 0 THEN
            SET @sql_page = CONCAT('SELECT * FROM (', sql_all, ') AS t ORDER BY id');
        ELSE
            SET @sql_page = CONCAT('SELECT * FROM (', sql_all, ') AS t ORDER BY id LIMIT ', limit_num, ' OFFSET ', offset_num);
        END IF;
        PREPARE stmt FROM @sql_page;
        EXECUTE stmt;
        DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;
    ELSE
        SELECT 'No data found (tables do not exist in given range)' AS msg;
    END IF;
END;
//
DELIMITER ;

-- 只筛选 id > 1
CALL query_user_range('2025-08-01', '2025-09-30', 'id > 1', 20, 0);
-- 筛选 name="Alice"
CALL query_user_range('2025-08-01', '2025-09-30', 'name="Alice"', 20, 0);
-- 组合条件
CALL query_user_range('2025-08-01', '2025-09-30', 'id > 1 AND name="Alice"', 20, 0);